Data Transmission on LAN
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Questions and Answers

What role does the Pad serve in the MAC Frame structure?

  • To signal the end of the Information Field.
  • To ensure the Information Field reaches a minimum size of 46 octets. (correct)
  • To provide error-checking capabilities.
  • To store additional addressing information.

    • How many octets are used for the Frame Check Sequence (FCS) in the MAC Frame?

  • 6 octets.
  • 8 octets.
  • 4 octets. (correct)
  • 2 octets.

    • Which field is NOT included in the total breakup of the MAC Frame Length?

  • Reserved Address. (correct)
  • Destination Address.
  • Start Frame Delimiter.
  • Pad.

    • What protocol is used for bus arbitration in Ethernet?

    <p>CSMA/CD.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum size of the Information Field in a MAC Frame?

    <p>1500 octets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the Length field in the MAC Frame is true?

    <p>It is used to count the number of octets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum total length of a MAC Frame?

    <p>72 octets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the MAC Frame is specifically for error-checking?

    <p>Frame Check Sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of a codeword in the 4b/5b coding scheme?

    <p>5 bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many data words can 4b/5b coding scheme represent?

    <p>16 data words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a codeword is corrupted during transmission, what happens if a valid codeword that was not actually sent is received?

    <p>It is discarded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In block coding, what does the variable 'r' represent?

    <p>Redundant bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome if the codeword 000 is received after corrupting the original codeword during transmission?

    <p>It is decoded as 00.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error can an error-detecting code detect?

    <p>Only the types it is specifically designed for</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the sender sends the codeword 01011 and 01001 is received, what can the receiver conclude?

    <p>Two bits are different from the original.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must the receiver do if it receives a codeword that is not in the codeword table?

    <p>Disregard the received codeword.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following network devices are included in Power over Ethernet technology?

    <p>IP cameras</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a passive hub?

    <p>To combine signals from cable segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an active hub from a passive hub?

    <p>Active hubs process data signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which standard defines the power allocation for Power over Ethernet?

    <p>IEEE 802.3at</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many wires in an Ethernet cable are used for data transmission in Power over Ethernet?

    <p>4 wires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum reach guaranteed for Power over Ethernet connections?

    <p>100 m / 328 ft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a type of hub?

    <p>Smart Hub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a switching hub?

    <p>It processes and forwards data intelligently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the primary station in a data transmission system?

    <p>To control the data link and initiate error recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the function of a secondary station?

    <p>It can initiate its own transmissions under certain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'sliding window value' refer to in a data transmission context?

    <p>The number of unacknowledged Information frames at any time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a secondary station do if it runs out of buffer space?

    <p>Send an RNR (receiver not ready) frame to the primary station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does a primary station transmit a group of frames without needing individual acknowledgments?

    <p>When the sliding window value allows for it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a secondary station cannot process Information frames?

    <p>It can still process incoming supervisory and unnumbered frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of placing data into frames?

    <p>Encrypt the data within the frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the maximum sliding window value typically set initially?

    <p>It can be negotiated when establishing a call</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of micro-segmenting a LAN through switch ports?

    <p>It provides dedicated bandwidth to each connected device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do switches manage to allow multiple simultaneous conversations between devices?

    <p>By maintaining separate collision domains for each port.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a switch receives a frame with an unknown destination address?

    <p>The switch floods the frame to all ports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of switches allows them to handle devices operating at different Ethernet speeds?

    <p>Rate adaptation support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation would a switch filter a frame instead of forwarding it?

    <p>When the outgoing interface is the same as the incoming interface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol do switches use to avoid loops in the network?

    <p>Spanning Tree Protocol (STP).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the difference between a hub and a switch?

    <p>A switch creates multiple collision domains while a hub creates only one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the ability to learn MAC addresses important for switches?

    <p>It enables switches to forward frames to the correct ports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of VLANs in a network?

    <p>To control traffic patterns and adapt to changes in network requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about VLAN1 is true?

    <p>By default, all switch ports are assigned to VLAN1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of segmenting broadcast domains with VLANs?

    <p>It increases available bandwidth by limiting users in each domain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which mode does a switch port belong to only one VLAN?

    <p>Access mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do trunk links function in VLAN configurations?

    <p>They multiplex traffic for multiple VLANs over the same link.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might a network administrator prefer trunk links over multiple access links?

    <p>Trunk links simplify the network design and reduce costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of not using routers in a VLAN environment?

    <p>All VLANs would communicate simultaneously without restrictions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could be a limitation of VLANs in a network?

    <p>Creation of VLANs is overly complex and time-consuming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Transmission on LAN

    • Data Transmission on LAN involves functions like data link control, media access control, and connecting devices.
    • Data link control includes framing, line discipline, flow control, and error control.
    • Framing: Packets are organized into frames for distinction. Character-oriented protocols show frames with a header, variable number of characters (data from upper layer), trailer, and flags. Bit-oriented protocol frames have header, variable number of bits (data from upper layer), trailer, and flags.
    • Line Discipline: Ensures devices transmit only when the receiver is ready and functional. It avoids wasted communication. Done using enquiry/acknowledgment (ENQ/ACK), or poll/select.
    • Flow Control: Prevents overflowing the receiver by regulating the amount of data sent. Two methods exist: Stop-and-Wait, Sliding Window. Considerations include round-trip delay, end-to-end delay, and bandwidth delay.
    • Error Detection and Correction: Corrupted data is corrected or detected. Errors can be single-bit errors or burst errors.
    • Flow Control: Procedures to restrict transmission until receiver acknowledgment. Deals with preventing receiver overload and confirming frame receipt.
    • Error Detection & Correction: Data can get corrupted; some applications require detecting and correcting those errors. Single-bit and burst errors are discussed.

    Flow Control

    • Flow control prevents data transmission overload. Receivers have limited buffers; exceeding them can cause errors or data loss.
    • Flow control uses procedures that restrict data sent until acknowledgement from the receiver.
    • Preventing data from overwhelming the receiver is a key concern. Error messages like NAK (Not Acknowledged) are used if a frame gets damaged.

    Error Detection and Correction

    • Data corruption during transmission needs to be addressed.
    • Techniques for detecting or correcting errors are discussed, such as detecting single bits and burst errors.

    Block Coding

    • Block coding divides messages into blocks (data words) and adds redundant bits for error detection.
    • This creates codewords (n bits, k bits data plus r bits) which can help identify transmission errors. A good example is 4b/5b coding.

    Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)

    • CRC involves adding redundant bits based on a generator polynomial for error detection.
    • It's a popular method in data transmission used to verify data integrity (and detect errors).

    Checksum

    • Checksum is another error detection method.
    • The total sum of the 4-bit data is summed; the complement of the sum is sent (called the checksum).
    • Receiver adds the values and if the total is zero, it means the transmission was error-free.

    LAN Protocols

    • Character-oriented protocols: Data is segmented into characters (8 bits each, e.g. ASCII). Character-oriented protocols are less efficient due to overhead.
    • Bit-oriented protocols: Each bit is significant due to the efficient organization. This is more efficient than character protocols.
    • Examples of Bit-Oriented protocols: X.25, HDLC, SDLC.

    MAC (Media Access Control)

    • The MAC layer is the link between the data link layer and the physical layer.
    • Ethernet protocol uses CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) for bus arbitration. Ethernet Frame Format parts: Preamble, SFD, Destination Address, Source Address, Length/Type field, Data Field, Frame Check Sequence.

    Ethernet

    • Ethernet implementation standards are divided into 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T and 10Base-F.
    • These classifications are based on data rate, maximum cable length, and cable type.
    • Wiring practices for Ethernet: UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) cables. Standards like TIA/EIA 568A and 568B are used for cable wiring.

    Connecting Devices

    • Hubs: Networking devices that connect network segments. They can be passive, active, or intelligent. Each type has different performance characteristics.
    • Switches: More intelligent networking devices compared to hubs. They can isolate collision domains for better performance. Switches can use STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) to avoid loops.
      • Layer 2 switches operate at the data-link layer; layer 3 switches operate at the network layer. The main difference is the complexity or sophistication of each layer of operation.

    Power over Ethernet (PoE)

    • A technology that provides power and data transmission over a single Ethernet cable.
    • Multiple power classes exist, e.g., 15.4 watts, based on equipment requirements.

    VLANs (Virtual LANs)

    • VLANs are logical groupings of devices on a network, regardless of their physical location.
    • They use VLAN ID tags for separating broadcast domains.
    • IEEE 802.1Q standard is used for implementing VLANs.

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    Data Transmission on LAN PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key concepts of data transmission in Local Area Networks (LAN), including data link control, media access control, and device connectivity. Learn about framing, line discipline, flow control, and error detection methods to enhance your understanding of data communication protocols.

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