Data Transmission on LAN
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the Pad in a MAC Frame?

  • To provide error-checking assistance
  • To store destination addresses
  • To act as the end delimiter
  • To ensure the Information Field reaches a minimum size (correct)

    • Which component of a MAC Frame is used for error-checking?

  • Length field
  • Frame Check Sequence (correct)
  • Information Field
  • Pad

    • What is the maximum size, in octets, of the Information Field in a MAC Frame?

  • 46
  • 1526
  • 1500 (correct)
  • 7

    • How many octets does the Destination Address field in a MAC Frame occupy?

    <p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism does CSMA/CD use to determine which station can transmit data?

    <p>Carrier sensing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total minimum size of a MAC Frame in octets?

    <p>72</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a part of the MAC Frame structure?

    <p>Data Signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Frame Check Sequence consists of how many octets?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the requirement for the original codeword in the given scenario?

    <p>The original codeword must be the second one in the table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of cyclic codes?

    <p>A cyclic shift results in another valid codeword.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the primary station in a data communication link?

    <p>Controlling the data link and initiating error recovery procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of creating a codeword using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), what is added to the data word?

    <p>The remainder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the checksum method help detect errors?

    <p>By comparing the received numbers with the sent sum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a secondary station runs out of buffer space?

    <p>It sends an RNR (receiver not ready) message to the primary station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the 'sliding window value' in a data communication context?

    <p>The maximum number of frames that can be transmitted without acknowledgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What modification is made to the data before sending in the checksum method?

    <p>The negative of the sum is sent as the checksum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the supervisory frames is true?

    <p>They may inform the primary station about the secondary's buffer status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given example of CRC, what do you augment the data word with?

    <p>A string of zeros equal to the number of bits in the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many Information frames can be unacknowledged by a secondary station at any one time?

    <p>The maximum is typically two frames but can be negotiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is checksumming used in data transmission?

    <p>To verify the accuracy of the transmitted data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of station is responsible for responding to the commands issued by the primary station?

    <p>Secondary station</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen if the sums do not match during checksumming?

    <p>The receiver requests the data to be sent again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of stations in a data transmission system?

    <p>Primary and secondary stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frames must a secondary station process even when it cannot process incoming Information frames?

    <p>Unnumbered frames and supervisory frames</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the variable 'k' represent in block coding?

    <p>The length of each data word in bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the 4b/5b coding scheme, how many code words are generated?

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the receiver receives a corrupted codeword that is valid?

    <p>The receiver extracts the data word.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many data words are used for message transfer in the 4b/5b coding?

    <p>16</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result if the codeword 111 is received during transmission?

    <p>It is discarded as a valid codeword.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using stranded cable over solid cable?

    <p>Smaller bend radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do redundant bits play in block coding?

    <p>They help to create code words from data words.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common limitation of error-detecting codes?

    <p>They can only detect specific types of errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cable is typically used for backbone wiring?

    <p>Solid cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For connecting similar devices directly, which type of cable is used?

    <p>Crossed cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When the receiver cannot find the received codeword in its table, what does this indicate?

    <p>An error has occurred.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature do many switches or hubs incorporate to eliminate the need for crossed cables?

    <p>Multiple uplink ports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum length of a network segment using Category 5 cable?

    <p>100 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of UTP cable has a speed of 10 Mbps?

    <p>CAT-3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology allow for?

    <p>Both data connection and electrical power through a single cable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which standard is used for the wiring of crossed cables?

    <p>TIA/EIA 568 Standard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of VLANs in a network?

    <p>Control traffic patterns and enhance security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'administrative VLAN' refer to?

    <p>A VLAN used exclusively for management traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode does a VLAN switch port operate in when connected to an end-user device?

    <p>Access mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can VLANs enhance network security?

    <p>By limiting user access to broadcast domains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a trunk link used for in a VLAN context?

    <p>To connect multiple VLANs over a single physical link</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one consequence of creating VLANs in terms of broadcast domains?

    <p>Limitation of users in each broadcast domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are trunk ports preferred for interconnecting switches?

    <p>They eliminate the need for multiple access links</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of VLANs that can be created?

    <p>1001</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many different meanings can a single character hold in a bit-oriented protocol?

    <p>256</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of a frame that contains the actual data to be transmitted?

    <p>Body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a station receives a frame that contains errors?

    <p>The station will ask the previous station to resend the frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a station is transmitting frames, what action does it take once a frame has been acknowledged by the next station?

    <p>It erases its copy of the confirmed frame.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protocols is considered to be a bit-oriented protocol?

    <p>HDLC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a frame in a data communication system?

    <p>To transport data to the next point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates that a receiving station has reached its limit for storing incoming frames?

    <p>It signals to other stations that it cannot receive more frames.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which model of communication does information travel the same route to the receiver?

    <p>Virtual circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary benefit of switches compared to hubs?

    <p>They support full duplex communication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do switches manage multiple simultaneous conversations?

    <p>By creating separate collision domains for each port.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to frames with a known unicast address in switches?

    <p>They are filtered if received on the same port.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum cable length for 10Base5 Ethernet as defined in IEEE 802.3?

    <p>500m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes micro-segmentation in a switch?

    <p>Providing dedicated bandwidth to single devices connected to switch ports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following methods is used to change maximum cable length restrictions in Ethernet networking?

    <p>Networking devices like repeaters or bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protocol do switches utilize to prevent loops in the network?

    <p>STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cabling does IEEE 802.3i utilize?

    <p>Twisted pair Cat5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum data rate supported by the 100BaseT Ethernet standard?

    <p>100 Mbps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major distinctions between a hub and a switch regarding data transmission?

    <p>Switches segment the LAN while hubs do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result if a switch receives a broadcast frame?

    <p>It will flood the frame to all ports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the baseband transmission method?

    <p>Only one stream of intelligence or data is transmitted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does rate adaptation in switches facilitate?

    <p>Communication between devices with differing Ethernet speeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which IEEE 802.3 variant supports a maximum transmission distance of 3600 meters?

    <p>10Broad36</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary encoding technique used in the baseband systems of Ethernet LANs?

    <p>Manchester digital encoding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the CRC field in an Ethernet frame format?

    <p>To provide error-checking functionality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of active hubs over passive hubs?

    <p>They can regenerate signals to reduce errors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature distinguishes intelligent hubs from other types of hubs?

    <p>Their ability to manage hub configurations remotely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of a switching hub?

    <p>To route packets only to the intended destination port.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the role of a multilayer switch?

    <p>It functions across multiple OSI layers simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main benefits of signal regeneration in active hubs?

    <p>Ability to connect devices farther apart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do active hubs compare to repeaters in network functionality?

    <p>Active hubs function as multiport repeaters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary disadvantage of using active hubs compared to passive hubs?

    <p>The cost of active hubs is generally higher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a network switch primarily play in a LAN?

    <p>Connecting multiple network segments and managing traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be true for a codeword to be classified as cyclic in a cyclic code?

    <p>If a codeword is cyclically shifted, it still remains a codeword.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) process, what role does the remainder play in forming the codeword?

    <p>It is combined with the data word to create the final codeword.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the checksum method designed to accomplish during data transmission?

    <p>To compare the server's calculations with the transmitted sum for error detection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key reason for sending the negative of the sum in the checksum method?

    <p>It allows the receiver to quickly identify mismatches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of error detection, what does the term 'generator polynomial' refer to?

    <p>A divisor used in cyclic codes during CRC.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the results of the checksum verification do not match?

    <p>The receiver assumes there is an error and rejects the data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In establishing a CRC codeword from a given data word, what additional steps are involved?

    <p>Augmenting the data word with a specified number of zeros and calculating quotient and remainder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using cyclic codes, which property allows for the effective identification of errors?

    <p>The inclusion of redundant bits within the codeword.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do VLANs play in addressing scalability issues within a network?

    <p>VLANs segment the network to efficiently manage traffic and reduce collisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the relationship between VLANs and IP subnets?

    <p>A single IP subnet can be spread across multiple VLANs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do VLANs benefit network management?

    <p>VLANs provide a way to segment traffic for easier troubleshooting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption is made about frames in VLAN-aware networks that do not contain a VLAN tag?

    <p>They are part of the native VLAN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What restriction do switches face regarding bridging IP traffic between VLANs?

    <p>Switches are prohibited from bridging IP traffic to maintain VLAN integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of VLAN tagging in Ethernet frames?

    <p>To represent the VLAN membership of the frame in VLAN-aware networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a DHCP server is connected to a switch using VLANs?

    <p>Only hosts in the same VLAN can obtain addresses from the server since it is broadcast-based.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In VLAN configurations, which of the following is crucial for maintaining traffic flow management?

    <p>Routers perform address summarization and broadcast filtering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Transmission on LAN

    • This chapter discusses data transmission functions on Local Area Networks (LANs).
    • Key topics include Data Link Control (framing, line discipline, flow control, and error control), Media Access Control (Ethernet categories, wiring practices, and PoE), and connecting devices.
    • Framing: Data Link Layer packages bits into frames for identification.
      • Character-oriented frames are shown in Figure 3.1(a).
      • Bit-oriented frames are shown in Figure 3.1(b).
    • Line Discipline: Ensures devices transmit only when the receiver is ready to accept data.
    • Flow Control: Procedures to restrict the amount of data a sender can transmit before waiting for acknowledgment. Two methods are Stop-and-Wait and Sliding Window.
    • Error Control: Detects and corrects errors during transmission.
      • Single-bit errors and burst errors are discussed in Fig 3.2.
      • Error detection methods, like Block Coding, and Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) are included.

    Flow Control

    • Flow control procedures enable the sender to know how much data can be transmitted before waiting for acknowledgment from the receiver.
    • Two issues in flow control are maintaining receiver resources and acknowledging data sent to the receiver. Methods discussed are Stop-and-Wait and Sliding Window.

    Error Detection and Correction

    • Data can be corrupted during transmission.
    • Techniques used to detect and correct errors include:
      • Single-bit error detection
      • Burst error detection
    • Examples and relevant figures (Fig 3.2) are provided. Different coding methods (Block coding, CRC, Checksum) are covered.

    LAN Protocols

    • Character-oriented protocols use 8-bit characters and ASCII code.
      • Characters are used to signal the meaning
    • Bit-orientated protocols are efficient, where each bit has significance in the data stream.
      • Examples are X.25, HDLC, and SDLC.

    Media Access Control (MAC)

    • IEEE 802.3 standard defines Ethernet protocol.
    • MAC Layer: Used to control access to shared communication media efficiently.
      • Key functions associated with the MAC Layer are Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) and Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). Figures show the Ethernet frame format.
    • Ethernet Evolution: Standards include 10Base5, 10Base2, 10Base-T, 10Base-F, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet as highlighted in Figure 3.14.
      • Ethernet specifications are discussed in terms of data rates, cable types, and distance limits.

    Cables

    • UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and STP (Shielded Twisted Pair) cables are used in Ethernet.
    • UTP cables are categorized by their performance.
    • Color coding diagrams (Fig 3.18, 3.17) are provided for typical cable wiring schemes.

    Power over Ethernet (PoE)

    • PoE is a technology enabling simultaneous data and power transmission over a single Ethernet cable.
    • Various PoE standards (IEEE 802.3af/15.4W, 802.3at/25.5W) for power supply are defined by figures and tables provided.

    Connecting Devices

    • Hubs: Central connection points for multiple devices. Three types are available: (Passive, Active, and intelligent).
    • Switches: Enhance hubs by segmenting the network, improving speed, and facilitating multiple simultaneous data transfers.
    • Layer-2 switches: Provide hardware-based switching to segment collisions domains.
    • Layer-3 switches: Enhance Layer-2 switches using Routing protocols; able to route traffic between VLANs.

    VLANs (Virtual LANs)

    • VLANs help group devices logically independent of their physical location.
    • VLAN creation is facilitated using IEEE 802.1Q standard.
    • Data traffic between VLANs can be regulated using routers.

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    Data Transmission on LAN PDF

    Description

    Explore the vital functions of data transmission in Local Area Networks (LANs). This quiz covers key concepts of Data Link Control, Media Access Control, and essential techniques such as framing, flow control, and error management. Understand how data is efficiently transferred and managed within a network.

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