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Questions and Answers
In Python, lists are immutable data structures.
False
A decorator is a function that modifies the behavior of a class.
False
Django is a microframework for building small web applications.
False
The requests library is used for parsing HTML and XML documents.
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Tuples are unordered collections of items.
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The @ symbol is used to denote a decorator in Python.
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Sets are mutable data structures that can store duplicate items.
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Jinja2 is a library for making HTTP requests.
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Flask is a high-level framework for building complex web applications.
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Study Notes
Data Structures
Lists
- Ordered collection of items
- Can be modified (mutable)
- Supports indexing and slicing
- Example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Tuples
- Ordered collection of items
- Cannot be modified (immutable)
- Supports indexing and slicing
- Example:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Dictionaries
- Unordered collection of key-value pairs
- Can be modified (mutable)
- Supports key-based access
- Example:
my_dict = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}
Sets
- Unordered collection of unique items
- Can be modified (mutable)
- Supports union, intersection, and difference operations
- Example:
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Decorators
What is a Decorator?
- A small function that modifies the behavior of another function
- Allows for code reuse and flexibility
Syntax
-
@decorator_nameabove the function definition - Example:
@my_decorator def my_function(): pass
Use Cases
- Logging function calls
- Authentication and authorization
- Error handling and exception raising
Web Development
Frameworks
- Flask: Microframework for building small web applications
- Django: High-level framework for building complex web applications
Web Development Concepts
- Request and response objects
- Routing and URL dispatching
- Templates and template engines
- Database integration and ORM (Object-Relational Mapping)
Popular Libraries
- Requests: Library for making HTTP requests
- BeautifulSoup: Library for parsing HTML and XML documents
- Jinja2: Template engine for Python
Data Structures
Lists
- Lists are ordered collections of items that can be modified (mutable).
- They support indexing and slicing, allowing access to specific elements or subsets.
- Example:
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Tuples
- Tuples are ordered collections of items that cannot be modified (immutable).
- They support indexing and slicing, similar to lists.
- Example:
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Dictionaries
- Dictionaries are unordered collections of key-value pairs that can be modified (mutable).
- They support key-based access, allowing values to be retrieved using their corresponding keys.
- Example:
my_dict = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30}
Sets
- Sets are unordered collections of unique items that can be modified (mutable).
- They support union, intersection, and difference operations, allowing for set-based operations.
- Example:
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Decorators
What is a Decorator?
- A decorator is a small function that modifies the behavior of another function.
- It allows for code reuse and flexibility, making it a powerful tool for Python development.
Syntax
- The syntax for a decorator is
@decorator_nameabove the function definition. - This indicates that the decorator function will be applied to the underlying function.
Use Cases
- Decorators can be used for logging function calls, allowing for debugging and tracking.
- They can be used for authentication and authorization, controlling access to specific functions.
- They can be used for error handling and exception raising, making it easier to manage errors.
Web Development
Frameworks
- Flask is a microframework for building small web applications, ideal for rapid prototyping and development.
- Django is a high-level framework for building complex web applications, providing a comprehensive set of tools and features.
Web Development Concepts
- Request and response objects are used to handle HTTP requests and responses.
- Routing and URL dispatching are used to map URLs to specific handlers or views.
- Templates and template engines are used to generate dynamic HTML content.
- Database integration and ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) are used to interact with databases.
Popular Libraries
- Requests is a library for making HTTP requests, simplifying web scraping and API interaction.
- BeautifulSoup is a library for parsing HTML and XML documents, making it easy to extract data from web pages.
- Jinja2 is a template engine for Python, allowing for dynamic template generation and rendering.
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Description
Understand the basics of data structures in Python, including lists, tuples, dictionaries, and sets. Learn about their properties, examples, and use cases.
