Python Programming: Intro, Iteration, Data Structures

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a standard practice for writing readable code in Python?

  • Using f-strings for formatted output.
  • Avoiding comments to keep the code concise. (correct)
  • Using conditional statements for decision-making.
  • Proper indentation to define code blocks.

Given a scenario where you need to perform an operation on each item in a list, which of the following approaches is the most concise and Pythonic?

  • List comprehension. (correct)
  • A recursive function.
  • A `while` loop.
  • A traditional `for` loop.

When should you prefer using a tuple over a list in Python?

  • When memory usage is not a concern.
  • When you need to modify the sequence of elements frequently.
  • When you need to use methods like `append()` and `insert()`.
  • When you need to store a collection of related data that should not be changed. (correct)

In object-oriented programming (OOP), what is the primary purpose of encapsulation?

<p>To bundle the data and methods that operate on the data, and to restrict direct access to some of the object's components. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the super() function in Python inheritance?

<p>It allows a subclass to call a method from its parent class, enabling method overriding and extension of functionality. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using Python in engineering applications?

<p>Complex syntax that enhances code security. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do getter and setter methods play in encapsulation?

<p>They allow controlled access to private attributes, enabling data validation and manipulation before getting or setting values. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the finally block in exception handling?

<p>To define a block of code that will always be executed, regardless of whether an exception occurs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key feature of dictionaries in Python?

<p>They maintain the order of insertion of items. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using regular expressions in Python?

<p>To search, match, and manipulate text based on patterns. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Variable

A named storage location in memory that holds a value.

Operators

Symbols that perform operations on variables and values.

Type Conversion

Converting a variable from one type to another.

Control Structures

Structures that control the order in which code is executed.

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Function

A block of code that performs a specific task.

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Lambda Functions

Functions without a name, defined using the lambda keyword.

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Exception Handling

Handling errors that occur during program execution.

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List

An ordered, mutable sequence of elements.

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Tuple

Immutable sequence, uses less memory, and is faster than lists.

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Dictionary

Key-value pair data structure.

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Study Notes

  • Here are detailed study notes on Introduction to Python & Programming Basics, Iteration and functions in Python, Data Structures in Python, Object-Oriented Programming in Python and Python for Engineering Applications and Advanced Topics:

Introduction to Python & Programming Basics

  • Python's importance in engineering and its programming paradigms are the focus
  • Setting up the Python environment involves using tools like IDLE, Jupyter Notebook, and Anaconda
  • Python syntax encompasses data types, writing, and executing scripts
  • Indentation, commenting, and debugging are key aspects of Python coding
  • Variables and operators, including arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise, and assignment types, are covered
  • Input/Output operations cover accepting user input via input() and displaying output using print()
  • Formatted output is achieved using f-strings
  • Control structures, focusing on conditional statements, and decision-making constructs are used

Iteration and Functions in Python

  • Loops and iteration cover for and while loops, nested loops, and break/continue statements
  • Loop control flow is discussed
  • Python functions cover defining functions, arguments, return statements, positional and keyword arguments
  • Lambda functions, recursion, efficiency, scope, and variable lifetime are all discussed
  • Exception handling covers handling runtime errors using try-except blocks, raising exceptions, and using finally

Data Structures in Python

  • Lists cover creating, accessing, modifying, list comprehension and iterating through lists
  • Tuples and sets are immutable sequences, sets support union, intersection, and difference operations
  • Dictionaries include key-value pair structures and dictionary methods, along with comprehensions
  • String handling emphasizes string manipulation, formatting, built-in string methods, raw strings, and regular expressions
  • File handling includes reading and writing text files with various functions and handling file exceptions

Object-Oriented Programming in Python

  • Object-oriented programming involves classes, objects and a comparison with procedural programming is made
  • Class definition includes constructors (init method), instance variables, and methods
  • Encapsulation and abstraction cover Data hiding with access specifiers, and getter/setter methods
  • Single, multiple, multilevel, and hierarchical inheritance and polymorphism are covered
  • Method overriding and the super() function are discussed
  • Modules and packages cover importing built-in and creating user-defined Python packages for organizing large-scale projects

Python for Engineering Applications & Advanced Topics

  • Python libraries include NumPy for array and matrix operations, pandas for data manipulation, and Matplotlib for data visualization
  • Data analysis is performed with Python
  • Reading and writing structured data, data wrangling, and basic statistics are performed with Python
  • Introduction to machine learning involves an overview of AI/ML and using scikit-learn for simple classification problems
  • Automating tasks uses Python for repetitive tasks, file handling, web scraping, and API interactions
  • Project-based learning involves students working on a real-world problem using Python, integrating concepts from previous units into a functional solution

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