DAT Organic Alkene Reactions

Hydrohalogenation

• Involves the addition of HCl or HBr to an alkene, resulting in the formation of an alkyl halide.
• Follows Markovnikov's rule, where the hydrogen atom bonds to the carbon with more hydrogen substituents.

Halogenation

• Requires Br2 and CCl4 as reagents.
• Results in the anti addition of halides, yielding two products.

Hydrobromination with Peroxide

• Utilizes HBr in the presence of peroxides (ROOR).
• Exhibits anti-Markovnikov addition, placing the halide on the least substituted carbon.

Hydration

• Conducted with H3O+.
• Hydroxyl group is added to the most substituted carbon, following Markovnikov's rule.

Bromination in Water

• Involves Br2 and H2O.
• Results in an alcohol group on the more substituted carbon and a bromine atom on the least substituted carbon.

Oxymercuration-Demercuration

• Uses Hg(OAc)2 followed by NaBH4.
• This method avoids rearrangement during the reaction process.

Hydroboration-Oxidation

• First stage includes BH3 in THF, followed by oxidation with H2O2 and OH/H2O.
• Alcohol is added to the least substituted carbon, resulting in anti stereochemistry.

Syn-Dihydroxylation

• Involves either OsO4 or diluted KMnO4 (cold).
• Produces a syn addition to create a meso compound with two hydroxyl groups.

Anti-Dihydroxylation

• Performed using RCO3H and H3O+.
• Leads to the anti addition of alcohols.

Addition of Alcohol

• Conducted using CH3OH and an acid catalyst (H+).

Bromination in Alcohol

• Involves Br2 and CH3OH.
• Results in anti-addition during the bromination process.

Alkoxymercuration-Demercuration

• Initiated with Hg(OAc)2 and ROH, followed by NaBH4.
• Follows Markovnikov's addition to create alkoxy compounds.

Epoxidation

• Utilizes mCPBA or RCO3H to form epoxides from alkenes.

Catalytic Hydrogenation

• Achieved using H2 in the presence of Pd/C.
• This process reduces alkenes to alkanes.

Ozonolysis (Reducing Conditions)

• First step involves O3, followed by a reducing agent like (CH3)2S or Zn/H2O.
• Breaks double bonds to yield carbonyl compounds.

Ozonolysis (Oxidative Conditions)

• Involves O3, then H2O2 or KMnO4 with heat followed by H3O+.
• Converts double bonds to carboxylic acids or ketones.

Explore the fundamental reactions of alkenes including hydrohalogenation, halogenation, and hydrobromination with peroxides. Understand key principles such as Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov additions. This quiz is essential for mastering organic chemistry concepts related to alkenes.