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Questions and Answers
In an addition reaction to an alkene, the π bond is ______.
In an addition reaction to an alkene, the π bond is ______.
a nucleophile
Addition reactions of alkenes are characterized by _________.
Addition reactions of alkenes are characterized by _________.
Most π bonds are quite prone to reaction with an ____________________, also referred to as electron-seeking reagents.
Most π bonds are quite prone to reaction with an ____________________, also referred to as electron-seeking reagents.
electrophilic
The alkene precursor to ethanol is __________.
The alkene precursor to ethanol is __________.
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For an addition reaction, why does free energy, ∆G, become more positive with increasing temperature?
For an addition reaction, why does free energy, ∆G, become more positive with increasing temperature?
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Describe the regioselectivity and stereospecificity in the hydrohalogenation of an alkene.
Describe the regioselectivity and stereospecificity in the hydrohalogenation of an alkene.
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Give the best description of the regioselectivity and stereospecificity in the oxymercuration of an alkene.
Give the best description of the regioselectivity and stereospecificity in the oxymercuration of an alkene.
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What are the products of the reaction CH3OH + CH3C≡CNa+ → ?
What are the products of the reaction CH3OH + CH3C≡CNa+ → ?
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A dihalide in which the halogens are attached on adjacent carbons is called a _______________ dihalide.
A dihalide in which the halogens are attached on adjacent carbons is called a _______________ dihalide.
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A dihalide in which the halogens are attached on the same carbon is called a _______________ dihalide.
A dihalide in which the halogens are attached on the same carbon is called a _______________ dihalide.
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For the reaction shown, select the expected major product.
For the reaction shown, select the expected major product.
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Rank the following hydrocarbons in order of decreasing acidity (most acidic to least acidic).
Rank the following hydrocarbons in order of decreasing acidity (most acidic to least acidic).
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ID major product.
ID major product.
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For the reaction shown, select the expected major organic product.
For the reaction shown, select the expected major organic product.
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Which of the compounds shown below would be the most likely product expected from the reaction scheme shown?
Which of the compounds shown below would be the most likely product expected from the reaction scheme shown?
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For the reaction below, select the structure of the expected major organic product.
For the reaction below, select the structure of the expected major organic product.
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Identify the best reagent(s) for this reaction.
Identify the best reagent(s) for this reaction.
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Identify the best reagent(s) for this reaction.
Identify the best reagent(s) for this reaction.
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Identify the final product for the following reaction.
Identify the final product for the following reaction.
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Identify the final product for the following reaction.
Identify the final product for the following reaction.
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For the reaction shown, which of the compounds listed below would be the expected major, and final, organic product?
For the reaction shown, which of the compounds listed below would be the expected major, and final, organic product?
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Identify the functional group that would be expected to be found in the final product in the reaction below.
Identify the functional group that would be expected to be found in the final product in the reaction below.
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Give the expected major product of the following reaction.
Give the expected major product of the following reaction.
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Identify the expected major product of the following reaction.
Identify the expected major product of the following reaction.
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The three compounds below can form a carbocation under aqueous acidic conditions. Which ones will form the same carbocation?
The three compounds below can form a carbocation under aqueous acidic conditions. Which ones will form the same carbocation?
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What would be the optimal conditions to effect the following synthesis?
What would be the optimal conditions to effect the following synthesis?
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What would be the optimal conditions to effect the following synthesis?
What would be the optimal conditions to effect the following synthesis?
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Which of the following is the major product of the reaction shown?
Which of the following is the major product of the reaction shown?
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Describe the products of the reaction below.
Describe the products of the reaction below.
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What is the expected major product for the following reaction?
What is the expected major product for the following reaction?
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Study Notes
Addition Reactions of Alkenes
- In addition reactions, the π bond of alkenes acts as a nucleophile and is broken.
- Addition reactions involve the addition of two groups across a double bond and the breaking of a π bond.
Electrophiles and Alkenes
- π bonds commonly react with electrophiles, which are electron-seeking reagents.
Alkene Precursors
- Ethylene (or ethene) serves as the alkene precursor to ethanol.
Free Energy and Temperature
- During addition reactions, free energy (∆G) becomes more positive at higher temperatures due to the dominance of negative entropy.
Hydrohalogenation Specificity
- Hydrohalogenation shows Markovnikov orientation, resulting in both syn- and anti-addition, which affects regioselectivity and stereospecificity.
Oxymercuration Specificity
- Oxymercuration also follows Markovnikov orientation but exclusively exhibits anti-addition.
Reaction Products
- Reaction of methanol (CH3OH) with sodium acetylide (CH3C≡CNa+) yields propyne (CH3C≡CH) and sodium methoxide (CH3ONa+).
Dihalides Classification
- A vicinal dihalide has halogens attached to adjacent carbons, while a geminal dihalide features halogens on the same carbon atom.
Acidity Ranking
- Hydrocarbons ranked by decreasing acidity: III > II > I.
Major Products
- For various reactions, identifying the expected major organic product frequently results in compounds designated as II, III, and IV.
Reagents for Reactions
- Common reagents include H2SO4, HgSO4, and H2O.
- For specific reactions, disiamylborane followed by HO- and H2O2 is also used.
Functional Groups and Final Products
- In reactions producing aldehydes, the expected functional group found in the final product is an aldehyde.
- The final products of specific reactions can often be identified as an equal mixture of enantiomers.
Synthesis Conditions
- Concentrated and dilute aqueous H2SO4 present optimal conditions for effecting certain syntheses.
Carbocations Formation
- Several compounds can form the same carbocation under aqueous acidic conditions, with all three mentioned compounds being included.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on addition reactions of alkenes with this Organic Chemistry Test 3 flashcard set. Each card highlights key concepts such as nucleophiles and electrophilic reagents. Perfect for reviewing important terminologies and definitions in organic chemistry.
