Questions and Answers
In an addition reaction to an alkene, the π bond is ______.
a nucleophile
Addition reactions of alkenes are characterized by _________.
Most π bonds are quite prone to reaction with an ____________________, also referred to as electron-seeking reagents.
electrophilic
The alkene precursor to ethanol is __________.
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For an addition reaction, why does free energy, ∆G, become more positive with increasing temperature?
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Describe the regioselectivity and stereospecificity in the hydrohalogenation of an alkene.
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Give the best description of the regioselectivity and stereospecificity in the oxymercuration of an alkene.
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What are the products of the reaction CH3OH + CH3C≡CNa+ → ?
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A dihalide in which the halogens are attached on adjacent carbons is called a _______________ dihalide.
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A dihalide in which the halogens are attached on the same carbon is called a _______________ dihalide.
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For the reaction shown, select the expected major product.
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Rank the following hydrocarbons in order of decreasing acidity (most acidic to least acidic).
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ID major product.
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For the reaction shown, select the expected major organic product.
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Which of the compounds shown below would be the most likely product expected from the reaction scheme shown?
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For the reaction below, select the structure of the expected major organic product.
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Identify the best reagent(s) for this reaction.
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Identify the best reagent(s) for this reaction.
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Identify the final product for the following reaction.
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Identify the final product for the following reaction.
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For the reaction shown, which of the compounds listed below would be the expected major, and final, organic product?
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Identify the functional group that would be expected to be found in the final product in the reaction below.
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Give the expected major product of the following reaction.
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Identify the expected major product of the following reaction.
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The three compounds below can form a carbocation under aqueous acidic conditions. Which ones will form the same carbocation?
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What would be the optimal conditions to effect the following synthesis?
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What would be the optimal conditions to effect the following synthesis?
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Which of the following is the major product of the reaction shown?
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Describe the products of the reaction below.
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What is the expected major product for the following reaction?
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Study Notes
Addition Reactions of Alkenes
- In addition reactions, the π bond of alkenes acts as a nucleophile and is broken.
- Addition reactions involve the addition of two groups across a double bond and the breaking of a π bond.
Electrophiles and Alkenes
- π bonds commonly react with electrophiles, which are electron-seeking reagents.
Alkene Precursors
- Ethylene (or ethene) serves as the alkene precursor to ethanol.
Free Energy and Temperature
- During addition reactions, free energy (∆G) becomes more positive at higher temperatures due to the dominance of negative entropy.
Hydrohalogenation Specificity
- Hydrohalogenation shows Markovnikov orientation, resulting in both syn- and anti-addition, which affects regioselectivity and stereospecificity.
Oxymercuration Specificity
- Oxymercuration also follows Markovnikov orientation but exclusively exhibits anti-addition.
Reaction Products
- Reaction of methanol (CH3OH) with sodium acetylide (CH3C≡CNa+) yields propyne (CH3C≡CH) and sodium methoxide (CH3ONa+).
Dihalides Classification
- A vicinal dihalide has halogens attached to adjacent carbons, while a geminal dihalide features halogens on the same carbon atom.
Acidity Ranking
- Hydrocarbons ranked by decreasing acidity: III > II > I.
Major Products
- For various reactions, identifying the expected major organic product frequently results in compounds designated as II, III, and IV.
Reagents for Reactions
- Common reagents include H2SO4, HgSO4, and H2O.
- For specific reactions, disiamylborane followed by HO- and H2O2 is also used.
Functional Groups and Final Products
- In reactions producing aldehydes, the expected functional group found in the final product is an aldehyde.
- The final products of specific reactions can often be identified as an equal mixture of enantiomers.
Synthesis Conditions
- Concentrated and dilute aqueous H2SO4 present optimal conditions for effecting certain syntheses.
Carbocations Formation
- Several compounds can form the same carbocation under aqueous acidic conditions, with all three mentioned compounds being included.
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Description
Test your knowledge on addition reactions of alkenes with this Organic Chemistry Test 3 flashcard set. Each card highlights key concepts such as nucleophiles and electrophilic reagents. Perfect for reviewing important terminologies and definitions in organic chemistry.
