Ezetimbe and Ascarbose

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Questions and Answers

A patient with hyperlipidemia is prescribed ezetimibe. Which mechanism of action accurately describes how this medication achieves its therapeutic effect?

Inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis in the liver.
Binding to bile acids in the intestine, promoting their excretion and reducing cholesterol levels.
Increasing the activity of lipoprotein lipase, enhancing the breakdown of triglycerides.
Blocking the Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1 Protein (NPC1L1P), thus inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the GI tract. (correct)

A patient with primary hypercholesterolemia is being considered for ezetimibe therapy. Which of the following pre-existing conditions would be an absolute contraindication for the use of ezetimibe?

A history of gastrointestinal upset, occasionally experiencing bloating.
Mild hypertension, controlled with lifestyle modifications.
Well-managed hypothyroidism, requiring levothyroxine replacement.
Significant hepatic impairment, with elevated liver transaminases. (correct)

A patient taking ezetimibe reports darkened urine, fatigue, and mild abdominal discomfort. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial course of action?

Order liver function tests to evaluate for potential hepatotoxicity. (correct)
Immediately discontinue ezetimibe and switch to an alternative lipid-lowering agent.
Reassure the patient that these are common side effects and will likely resolve on their own.
Prescribe an antiemetic to manage the abdominal discomfort.

Acarbose is prescribed to a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus. What is the primary mechanism by which acarbose lowers postprandial hyperglycemia?

Delaying the absorption of glucose from the intestine. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pre-existing conditions would be a contraindication for the use of acarbose in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Irritable bowel syndrome with frequent diarrhea. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient taking acarbose complains of frequent diarrhea, bloating, and flatulence. Which of the following dietary modifications is most likely to help manage these side effects?

Reducing the intake of simple sugars and refined carbohydrates. (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is prescribed both ezetimibe and a statin for managing their hyperlipidemia. What is the primary rationale for using these medications in combination?

To target different pathways of cholesterol metabolism, providing a synergistic effect in lowering LDL-C. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a history of colon ulceration is seeking an oral medication to manage their postprandial hyperglycemia. Which of the following medications is most clearly contraindicated for this patient?

Acarbose (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laboratory findings would warrant immediate discontinuation of ezetimibe therapy due to a potential adverse drug reaction?

Markedly elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with type 2 diabetes is prescribed acarbose, but they also have a history of frequent intestinal obstructions. What is the primary concern regarding the use of acarbose in this patient?

Acarbose may exacerbate the intestinal obstructions due to increased gas production and delayed glucose absorption. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ezetimibe MOA

Inhibits the Niemann-Pick C1 Like1 Protein (NPC1L1P), reducing cholesterol absorption in the GI tract and lowering LDL.

Ezetimibe Indications

Used for hyperlipidemia and primary hypercholesterolemia, often in combination with statins.