Podcast
Questions and Answers
What cytokine is associated with fever?
What cytokine is associated with fever?
- IL1 (correct)
- IL4
- IL3
- IL2
What is the source of IL1?
What is the source of IL1?
Monocytes and macrophages
Which cytokine is involved in T cell growth and maturation?
Which cytokine is involved in T cell growth and maturation?
- IL2 (correct)
- IL6
- IL1
- IL5
What is the source of IL2?
What is the source of IL2?
What does IL3 promote?
What does IL3 promote?
What is the source of IL3?
What is the source of IL3?
What cytokine is associated with IgE or IgG addition?
What cytokine is associated with IgE or IgG addition?
What is the source of IL4?
What is the source of IL4?
What is IL5 primarily responsible for?
What is IL5 primarily responsible for?
What cells produce IL5?
What cells produce IL5?
Which cytokine is responsible for inducing an acute phase response?
Which cytokine is responsible for inducing an acute phase response?
What is the source of IL6?
What is the source of IL6?
What is the function of IL7?
What is the function of IL7?
What is the source of IL7?
What is the source of IL7?
Which cytokine serves as a recruit for neutrophils?
Which cytokine serves as a recruit for neutrophils?
What is the primary source of IL8?
What is the primary source of IL8?
What does IL10 inhibit?
What does IL10 inhibit?
What is the source of IL10?
What is the source of IL10?
What does IL12 activate?
What does IL12 activate?
What role does IL13 play in the immune response?
What role does IL13 play in the immune response?
What is the source of IL13?
What is the source of IL13?
What does IL17 induce?
What does IL17 induce?
What is the source of IL17?
What is the source of IL17?
What does TNF Alpha induce?
What does TNF Alpha induce?
What is the source of TNF Alpha?
What is the source of TNF Alpha?
What effects does TNF Beta have?
What effects does TNF Beta have?
What are the sources of IFN Alpha and Beta?
What are the sources of IFN Alpha and Beta?
What role does INF-gamma play?
What role does INF-gamma play?
What does TGF Beta contribute to?
What does TGF Beta contribute to?
What are the sources of TGF Beta?
What are the sources of TGF Beta?
What promotes growth at granulocytes and monocytes?
What promotes growth at granulocytes and monocytes?
What kills intracellular infections?
What kills intracellular infections?
What kills extracellular pathogens?
What kills extracellular pathogens?
How are fungi typically killed?
How are fungi typically killed?
What is responsible for killing helminths?
What is responsible for killing helminths?
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Study Notes
Cytokines Overview
- IL1: Induces fever; known as a pyrogen.
- Source: Produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages.
T Cell Cytokines
- IL2: Promotes growth and maturation of T cells, also affects NK cells.
- Source: Secreted by TH1 cells.
Hematopoiesis
- IL3: Plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis.
- Source: Generated by T cells.
TH2 Development and Immunoglobulin Production
- IL4: Involved in the production of IgE or IgG and supports the development of TH2 cells.
- Source: Secreted by mast cells, important for the generation of IgE and IgG.
Eosinophil Development
- IL5: Encourages the development of eosinophils and is linked with the production of IgA.
- Source: Produced by TH2 cells.
Acute Phase Response
- IL6: Involved in acute phase protein (APP) synthesis and promotes the transition of B cells to plasma cells.
- Source: Secreted by macrophages.
T Cell Growth Factors
- IL7: Functions as a growth factor for precursor T and B cells.
- Source: Generated in the bone marrow.
Neutrophil Recruitment
- IL8: Functions as a chemokine specifically for neutrophils.
- Source: Produced by macrophages and fibroblasts.
Immune Regulation
- IL10: Inhibits T cell activation and macrophage function, protects against autoimmunity.
- Source: Secreted by regulatory T (Treg) cells.
TH1 Activation
- IL12: Activates TH1 and NK cells, influential in cell-mediated immunity.
Immunoglobulin Class Switching
- IL13: Promotes class switching to IgE and IgG, acts as a growth factor for B cells.
- Source: Produced by TH2 cells.
Inflammation and Recruitment
- IL17: Induces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruits neutrophils; sustained levels can be harmful.
- Source: Secreted by TH17 cells.
Septic Shock and Immune Response
- TNF Alpha: Causes septic shock, enhances leukocyte recruitment, and induces fever and APP.
- Source: Produced by macrophages.
Cytotoxic Effects
- TNF Beta: Has cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and enhances phagocytosis in macrophages and neutrophils.
- Source: Produced by TH1 and killer T cells.
Interferons
-
IFN Alpha and Beta: Associated with class I HLA MHC; important in antiviral responses.
-
IFN Gamma: Secreted by TH1 cells, inhibits TH2 function, promotes class switching to IgG, increases class II HLA expression.
TGF Beta
- TGF Beta: Important for cell-mediated immunity; produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells.
Colony Stimulating Factors
- CSF: Involved in stimulating the growth of granulocytes and monocytes.
Pathogen Clearance
-
Intracellular Infections: Cleared by INF alpha, INF beta, NK cells, and T cytotoxic cells with TH1 help.
-
Extracellular Pathogens: Eliminated through phagocytosis by neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, IgG, IgM, IgA, complement, CRP, and defensins from TH17 cells.
Fungal Infections
- Fungi: Cleared through phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages, reliant on both TH1 and TH17 responses.
Helminth Infections
- Helminths: Targeted by IgE, eosinophils, and mast cells.
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