Cytokines Flashcards: HOT T BONE STEAK

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Questions and Answers

What cytokine is associated with fever?

IL1 (correct)

IL4

IL3

IL2

What is the source of IL1?

Monocytes and macrophages

Which cytokine is involved in T cell growth and maturation?

IL2 (correct)

IL6

IL1

IL5

What is the source of IL2?

TH1 Signup and view all the answers

What does IL3 promote?

Hematopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of IL3?

T cells Signup and view all the answers

What cytokine is associated with IgE or IgG addition?

IL4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of IL4?

Mast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is IL5 primarily responsible for?

Eosinophil development Signup and view all the answers

What cells produce IL5?

TH2 Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine is responsible for inducing an acute phase response?

IL6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of IL6?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IL7?

Growth factor for Pre T and Pre B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of IL7?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

Which cytokine serves as a recruit for neutrophils?

IL8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of IL8?

Macrophages and fibroblasts Signup and view all the answers

What does IL10 inhibit?

T cells and macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of IL10?

Treg Signup and view all the answers

What does IL12 activate?

TH1 and NK cells Signup and view all the answers

What role does IL13 play in the immune response?

Class switching to IgE Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of IL13?

TH2 cells Signup and view all the answers

What does IL17 induce?

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruit neutrophils Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of IL17?

TH17 cells Signup and view all the answers

What does TNF Alpha induce?

Septic shock Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of TNF Alpha?

Macrophages Signup and view all the answers

What effects does TNF Beta have?

Both A and C Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources of IFN Alpha and Beta?

Class one HLA MHC Signup and view all the answers

What role does INF-gamma play?

Inhibits Th2 cell function and increases HLA 2 Signup and view all the answers

What does TGF Beta contribute to?

Cell mediated immunity Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources of TGF Beta?

Lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells Signup and view all the answers

What promotes growth at granulocytes and monocytes?

CSF Signup and view all the answers

What kills intracellular infections?

INF Alpha, INF Beta, NK cells, TC cells Signup and view all the answers

What kills extracellular pathogens?

Phagocytosis by neutrophils, macrophages, and monocytes Signup and view all the answers

How are fungi typically killed?

Phagocytosis by neutrophils, macrophages, or monocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for killing helminths?

IgE, eosinophils, mast cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cytokines Overview

IL1: Induces fever; known as a pyrogen.
Source: Produced primarily by monocytes and macrophages.

T Cell Cytokines

IL2: Promotes growth and maturation of T cells, also affects NK cells.
Source: Secreted by TH1 cells.

Hematopoiesis

IL3: Plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis.
Source: Generated by T cells.

TH2 Development and Immunoglobulin Production

IL4: Involved in the production of IgE or IgG and supports the development of TH2 cells.
Source: Secreted by mast cells, important for the generation of IgE and IgG.

Eosinophil Development

IL5: Encourages the development of eosinophils and is linked with the production of IgA.
Source: Produced by TH2 cells.

Acute Phase Response

IL6: Involved in acute phase protein (APP) synthesis and promotes the transition of B cells to plasma cells.
Source: Secreted by macrophages.

T Cell Growth Factors

IL7: Functions as a growth factor for precursor T and B cells.
Source: Generated in the bone marrow.

Neutrophil Recruitment

IL8: Functions as a chemokine specifically for neutrophils.
Source: Produced by macrophages and fibroblasts.

Immune Regulation

IL10: Inhibits T cell activation and macrophage function, protects against autoimmunity.
Source: Secreted by regulatory T (Treg) cells.

TH1 Activation

IL12: Activates TH1 and NK cells, influential in cell-mediated immunity.

Immunoglobulin Class Switching

IL13: Promotes class switching to IgE and IgG, acts as a growth factor for B cells.
Source: Produced by TH2 cells.

Inflammation and Recruitment

IL17: Induces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and recruits neutrophils; sustained levels can be harmful.
Source: Secreted by TH17 cells.

Septic Shock and Immune Response

TNF Alpha: Causes septic shock, enhances leukocyte recruitment, and induces fever and APP.
Source: Produced by macrophages.

Cytotoxic Effects

TNF Beta: Has cytotoxic effects on tumor cells and enhances phagocytosis in macrophages and neutrophils.
Source: Produced by TH1 and killer T cells.

Interferons

IFN Alpha and Beta: Associated with class I HLA MHC; important in antiviral responses.
IFN Gamma: Secreted by TH1 cells, inhibits TH2 function, promotes class switching to IgG, increases class II HLA expression.

TGF Beta

TGF Beta: Important for cell-mediated immunity; produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells.

Colony Stimulating Factors

CSF: Involved in stimulating the growth of granulocytes and monocytes.

Pathogen Clearance

Intracellular Infections: Cleared by INF alpha, INF beta, NK cells, and T cytotoxic cells with TH1 help.
Extracellular Pathogens: Eliminated through phagocytosis by neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, IgG, IgM, IgA, complement, CRP, and defensins from TH17 cells.

Fungal Infections

Fungi: Cleared through phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages, reliant on both TH1 and TH17 responses.

Helminth Infections

Helminths: Targeted by IgE, eosinophils, and mast cells.

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Description

Test your knowledge on cytokines with these flashcards. Cover important interleukins like IL1, IL2, and IL3, as well as their sources and functions in the immune response. Perfect for students studying cellular biology and immunology.