Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism?
What is the role of cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism?
They enzymatically oxidise compounds to make them more polar and soluble.
Give an example of a drug that undergoes glucuronidation in the liver.
Give an example of a drug that undergoes glucuronidation in the liver.
Zidovudine
What happens when acetaminophen is metabolized in excess in the liver?
What happens when acetaminophen is metabolized in excess in the liver?
It is oxidised to N-acetyl benzoquinoneimine (NABQI) by cytochrome P450.
How does N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) act in cases of acetaminophen poisoning?
How does N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) act in cases of acetaminophen poisoning?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is NABQI toxic to cells in cases of acetaminophen overdose?
Why is NABQI toxic to cells in cases of acetaminophen overdose?
Signup and view all the answers
In drug metabolism, how are polar drug metabolites excreted from the body?
In drug metabolism, how are polar drug metabolites excreted from the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the key pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver?
What are the key pathways of carbohydrate metabolism in the liver?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the process by which the liver generates fat from carbohydrates.
Describe the process by which the liver generates fat from carbohydrates.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary storage medium of glucose in the liver?
What is the primary storage medium of glucose in the liver?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the liver in the synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and low density lipoproteins (LDLs)?
What is the role of the liver in the synthesis of very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and low density lipoproteins (LDLs)?
Signup and view all the answers
How does the liver contribute to protein and amino acid metabolism?
How does the liver contribute to protein and amino acid metabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the liver's involvement in the synthesis of heme?
What is the liver's involvement in the synthesis of heme?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the cycle in which alanine is transported to the liver, converted to pyruvate, and then can participate in oxidative phosphorylation or be converted to glucose?
What is the name of the cycle in which alanine is transported to the liver, converted to pyruvate, and then can participate in oxidative phosphorylation or be converted to glucose?
Signup and view all the answers
Which amino acid acts as a central molecule in transamination reactions and is an intermediary in the urea cycle?
Which amino acid acts as a central molecule in transamination reactions and is an intermediary in the urea cycle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the fate of the NH3 group released from glutamate in transamination reactions?
What is the fate of the NH3 group released from glutamate in transamination reactions?
Signup and view all the answers
What are glucogenic amino acids and how are they metabolized?
What are glucogenic amino acids and how are they metabolized?
Signup and view all the answers
Define ketogenic amino acids and explain their catabolic pathway.
Define ketogenic amino acids and explain their catabolic pathway.
Signup and view all the answers
How are the intermediates of the citric acid cycle continuously replenished?
How are the intermediates of the citric acid cycle continuously replenished?
Signup and view all the answers
