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Questions and Answers
What is the main difference in the treatment of values between deontologists and consequentialists?
What is the primary focus of consequentialists?
What is another way to respond positively to a value, besides increasing or maximizing it?
What determines the appropriate positive response to a value?
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Why might maximizing privacy not always be the appropriate response?
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What is often required to determine the proper response to a value in a specific context?
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What is the role of reasons in deontological ethics?
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What is the relation between values and value clusters?
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What is a potential issue with consequentialist thinking?
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What is the significance of Anderson (1993) in the context of deontological ethics?
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Study Notes
Core Values and Value Conflicts in Cybersecurity
- The chapter analyzes key values and value conflicts in cybersecurity, distinguishing four important value clusters: security, privacy, fairness, and accountability.
- Each value cluster consists of a range of further values, articulating specific moral reasons relevant when devising cybersecurity measures.
Introduction to Value Clusters
- Value clusters are groups of values responding to similar moral concerns and expressing similar moral reasons.
- Four value clusters are identified in relation to cybersecurity: security, privacy, fairness, and accountability.
Understanding Values
- Values are evaluative dimensions used to evaluate the goodness of certain state-of-affairs.
- Different values correspond to different varieties of goodness.
- Values arise in response to certain morally problematic situations or moral concerns, expressing moral reasons for or against certain actions.
Value Conflicts
- Value conflicts occur when it is not possible to fully realize or respect a range of relevant values simultaneously.
- Identifying value conflicts requires considering the specific application or context.
- Value conflicts depend on what is technically possible and what design choices have been made.
Addressing Value Conflicts
- The chapter discusses possible methods for addressing value conflicts in cybersecurity.
- Nuanced and fine-grained methods are needed to address value conflicts, taking into account the specific context and computer systems involved.
Privacy vs. Security
- The privacy versus security tension is often too simplistic, as privacy and security are not always in conflict.
- The relationship between privacy and security depends on the specific context or application being considered.
- Technical and design choices can be made to design out conflicts between privacy and security.
Value Clusters in Cybersecurity
- Security is a value cluster concerned with protecting computer systems and data from unauthorized access or malicious attacks.
- Privacy is a value cluster concerned with protecting personal data and preventing unauthorized access or surveillance.
- Fairness is a value cluster concerned with ensuring that computer systems and data are used in a way that is just and equitable.
- Accountability is a value cluster concerned with ensuring that those who manage and use computer systems are responsible and transparent in their actions.
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Description
This chapter introduces the core values and value conflicts in cybersecurity, including security, privacy, fairness, and accountability. It analyses the importance of these value clusters in deciding on cybersecurity measures.
