Podcast
Questions and Answers
What did COBOL introduce in terms of data typing?
What did COBOL introduce in terms of data typing?
What is the purpose of user-defined types in programming languages?
What is the purpose of user-defined types in programming languages?
How are arrays and records commonly utilized in imperative languages?
How are arrays and records commonly utilized in imperative languages?
Which type plays a central role in contemporary programming languages?
Which type plays a central role in contemporary programming languages?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type supports values of unlimited length in Python and F#?
Which type supports values of unlimited length in Python and F#?
Signup and view all the answers
What type is essential for business data processing and supported by COBOL, C#, and F#?
What type is essential for business data processing and supported by COBOL, C#, and F#?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of numeric representation requires more storage, according to the text?
Which type of numeric representation requires more storage, according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
In which programming language were Boolean types first introduced?
In which programming language were Boolean types first introduced?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the 4-byte character code developed by the Unicode Consortium and ISO?
What is the name of the 4-byte character code developed by the Unicode Consortium and ISO?
Signup and view all the answers
Which library function for character strings in C and C++ is inherently unsafe due to the lack of memory protection?
Which library function for character strings in C and C++ is inherently unsafe due to the lack of memory protection?
Signup and view all the answers
What should C++ programmers use instead of char arrays and the C string library due to its insecurities?
What should C++ programmers use instead of char arrays and the C string library due to its insecurities?
Signup and view all the answers
Which class supports character strings in Swift with objects being either constants or variables?
Which class supports character strings in Swift with objects being either constants or variables?
Signup and view all the answers
What do data types define?
What do data types define?
Signup and view all the answers
What plays a crucial role in determining the ease of data manipulation in computer programs?
What plays a crucial role in determining the ease of data manipulation in computer programs?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a collection of data values and a set of predefined operations on those values?
What defines a collection of data values and a set of predefined operations on those values?
Signup and view all the answers
How many elements do Boolean types have?
How many elements do Boolean types have?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some common string operations?
What are some common string operations?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type is used to store character strings in C and C++?
Which type is used to store character strings in C and C++?
Signup and view all the answers
What are some examples of numeric codings for character data?
What are some examples of numeric codings for character data?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the design issues for character string types?
What are the design issues for character string types?
Signup and view all the answers
Which programming language supports strings through the String class and the StringBuffer class for changeable values?
Which programming language supports strings through the String class and the StringBuffer class for changeable values?
Signup and view all the answers
Which programming language's strings are immutable like the String class objects in Java?
Which programming language's strings are immutable like the String class objects in Java?
Signup and view all the answers
In which programming language are strings represented as a class with individual characters in Unicode UTF-16 and can be accessed but not changed?
In which programming language are strings represented as a class with individual characters in Unicode UTF-16 and can be accessed but not changed?
Signup and view all the answers
Which programming language's String class supports constant and variable string objects with methods for character examination and concatenation?
Which programming language's String class supports constant and variable string objects with methods for character examination and concatenation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which programming language includes regular expressions in its class library for pattern-matching capabilities?
Which programming language includes regular expressions in its class library for pattern-matching capabilities?
Signup and view all the answers
Which programming language includes support for four signed integer sizes: byte, short, int, and long?
Which programming language includes support for four signed integer sizes: byte, short, int, and long?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of data type in Python can have unlimited length and is not directly supported by hardware?
Which type of data type in Python can have unlimited length and is not directly supported by hardware?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of notation do computers use to store negative integers?
What type of notation do computers use to store negative integers?
Signup and view all the answers
Which standard format do most newer machines use for floating-point values?
Which standard format do most newer machines use for floating-point values?
Signup and view all the answers
Which data type is supported by larger computers for business systems applications and stores a fixed number of decimal digits with the implied decimal point at a fixed position?
Which data type is supported by larger computers for business systems applications and stores a fixed number of decimal digits with the implied decimal point at a fixed position?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of data types improve readability, aid modifiability, and allow type checking of variables of a special category of use?
What type of data types improve readability, aid modifiability, and allow type checking of variables of a special category of use?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concept, supported by most programming languages since the mid-1980s, separates the interface of a type visible to the user from its representation and set of operations?
Which concept, supported by most programming languages since the mid-1980s, separates the interface of a type visible to the user from its representation and set of operations?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the most common structured (nonscalar) data types in imperative languages?
What are the most common structured (nonscalar) data types in imperative languages?
Signup and view all the answers
What are descriptors used for in the context of data types?
What are descriptors used for in the context of data types?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
String Manipulation in C, C++, Java, Python, and Other Languages
- Commonly used library functions for character strings in C and C++ include strcpy, strcat, strcmp, and strlen, with parameters and return values being char pointers.
- The string manipulation functions of the C standard library, also available in C++, are inherently unsafe due to the lack of memory protection, leading to programming errors.
- C++ programmers should use the string class from the standard library instead of char arrays and the C string library due to its insecurities.
- Java supports strings through the String class, with constant strings, and the StringBuffer class, which allows changeable values specified with methods.
- Python includes strings as a primitive type with operations for substring reference, catenation, indexing, searching, and replacement, and they are immutable like Java's String class objects.
- In F#, strings are a class with individual characters represented in Unicode UTF-16 and can be accessed but not changed. Strings can be catenated with the + operator.
- In Swift, the String class supports character strings with objects being either constants or variables, and the binary + operator is used for catenation.
- String manipulation capabilities using regular expressions are included in the class libraries of C++, Java, Python, C#, and F#.
- Regular expressions in Perl, JavaScript, Ruby, and PHP are based on mathematical regular expressions and evolved from the UNIX line editor, ed, to their current form.
- A pattern expression in regular expressions, such as /[A-Za-z][A-Za-z\d]+/, matches the typical name form in programming languages, with the first character class specifying all letters and the second class specifying letters and digits.
- Another pattern expression, such as /\d+.\d*|.\d+/, matches numeric literals, with . specifying a literal decimal point and the vertical bar separating two alternatives in the whole pattern.
- There are several design choices regarding the length of string values, such as static length strings, which are used in languages like Python, Java, C++, Ruby, C#, and F#.
Evolution of Data Type Design and Use in Programming Languages
- In the earliest languages, problem space data structures were modeled using basic language-supported data structures like arrays.
- COBOL took the first step away from the Fortran I model by allowing programmers to specify the accuracy of decimal data values and providing a structured data type for records of information.
- PL/I extended the capability of accuracy specification to integer and floating-point types and included many data types to support a large range of applications.
- ALGOL 68 introduced a better approach by providing a few basic types and flexible structure-defining operators for designing data structures.
- User-defined types improve readability, aid modifiability, and allow type checking of variables of a special category of use.
- Abstract data types, supported by most programming languages since the mid-1980s, separate the interface of a type visible to the user from its representation and set of operations.
- The type system of a programming language is used for error detection, program modularization, and documentation.
- Arrays and records are the most common structured (nonscalar) data types in imperative languages, while lists have been a central part of functional programming languages.
- Structured data types are defined with type operators or constructors, such as brackets and asterisks in C for specifying arrays and pointers.
- Descriptors, which store the attributes of a variable, are used for type checking and building the code for allocation and deallocation operations.
- Identifiers do not have data types in some programming languages, and the term "object" is reserved for instances of user-defined and language-defined abstract data types.
- Primitive data types, not defined in terms of other types, are central to programming languages and are used to specify structured types along with one or more type constructors.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
