Cultural Geography Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is Geography?

The study of the location of people and activities across Earth and the reasons for their distribution.

What is Culture?

A total way of life held in common by a group of people, including such learned features as speech, ideology, behavior, etc.

What is Cultural Geography?

The study of spatial variations among cultural traits and the spatial functioning of society.

What are the 5 geographical themes?

<p>Culture region, cultural diffusion, cultural ecology, culture interaction, and culture landscape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Culture region?

<p>An area defined by distinctive cultural characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Types of culture region?

<p>Formal, functional, and vernacular.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Formal culture region?

<p>An area inhabited by people who have one or more cultural traits in common.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Functional culture region?

<p>An area that has been organized to function politically, socially, or economically as a unit (has a central point).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Vernacular culture region?

<p>An area that is perceived to exist by its inhabitants, often has a regional name (perceptual).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cultural diffusion?

<p>The geographical origin and spread of ideas and innovations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Types of cultural diffusion?

<p>Expansion, relocation, and independent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Expansion diffusion?

<p>Ideas spread throughout a population, from area to area, in a snowballing process (like dominoes).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Types of expansion diffusion?

<p>Hierarchical, contagious, and stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hierarchical diffusion?

<p>Ideas leapfrog from one important person/place to another in a 'top-down' manner (Fashion).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Contagious diffusion?

<p>A wavelike spread, without regard to hierarchies (everyone is affected).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Stimulus diffusion?

<p>When a specific trait fails to spread but the underlying idea or concept is accepted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Relocation diffusion?

<p>The spread of an idea that occurs through physical relocation (Religion).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Independent Invention?

<p>The same or very similar innovation is separately developed in different places (pyramids).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Time-distance decay?

<p>Spread of an idea decreases with time and distance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Globalization?

<p>In a world increasingly linked under the role of capitalist economics and politics, in which international borders are diminished in importance and a worldwide marketplace is created (homogeneity encouraged).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Neighborhood effect?

<p>Acceptance of a new idea is most rapid in small clusters around an initial adopter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Barriers to diffusion?

<p>Absorbing and permeable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Absorbing barriers?

<p>Totally halt diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Permeable barriers?

<p>Allow partial diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cultural Ecology?

<p>The study of the relationships between the physical environment and culture (two-way street).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Schools of thought developed?

<p>Environmental determinism, possibilism, environmental perception, humans as modifiers of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Environmental determinism?

<p>The physical environment dictates human culture, rationalization of colonization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Possibilism?

<p>Human culture has the ability to overcome barriers of the physical environment (technology).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Environmental perception?

<p>Culture decisions depend more on what they perceive the environment to be than on the actual character of the land (natural disasters).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Humans as modifiers of the Earth mean?

<p>Human culture is the dominant force shaping the environment (opposite of environmental determinism).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Culture interaction?

<p>The ways in which different traits within a culture influence one another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 2 different approaches to cultural interaction?

<p>Social science and human geography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Social science?

<p>The scientific method is applied to the study of people. Theories and spatial principles are used to study patterns across space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Human geography?

<p>Stresses the subjectivity and individuality of humans as essential to analysis of spatial variation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Geography and Culture

  • Geography involves the study of the location of people and activities across the Earth and examines reasons behind their distribution.
  • Culture represents a common way of life within a group, encompassing aspects such as speech, ideology, and behavior.

Cultural Geography

  • Cultural geography focuses on spatial variations in cultural traits and the functioning of society in different spaces.
  • The five geographical themes are culture region, cultural diffusion, cultural ecology, culture interaction, and culture landscape.

Culture Regions

  • Culture regions are areas defined by unique cultural characteristics.
  • Types of culture regions include formal, functional, and vernacular:
    • Formal culture regions consist of people sharing common cultural traits.
    • Functional culture regions are organized around a central point for political, social, or economic functions.
    • Vernacular culture regions are perceived by inhabitants and typically have regional names.

Cultural Diffusion

  • Cultural diffusion refers to the geographical spread of ideas and innovations.
  • Types of cultural diffusion include:
    • Expansion diffusion: ideas spread through a population in a snowball effect.
    • Relocation diffusion: ideas spread through physical movement of people.
    • Independent invention: similar innovations develop independently in different locations.

Expansion Diffusion Subtypes

  • Expansion diffusion has three types:
    • Hierarchical diffusion involves ideas leaping from significant individuals or places in a "top-down" approach.
    • Contagious diffusion spreads ideas broadly, affecting all individuals equally.
    • Stimulus diffusion occurs when an idea spreads, but a specific trait does not.

Time-Distance Decay

  • Time-distance decay indicates that the spread of an idea diminishes with time and distance from the origin.

Globalization

  • Globalization is characterized by the integration of global markets under capitalist economics, minimizing the importance of international borders and promoting cultural homogeneity.

Barriers to Diffusion

  • Barriers to diffusion can be categorized into:
    • Absorbing barriers: completely halt the flow of ideas.
    • Permeable barriers: permit partial diffusion.

Cultural Ecology

  • Cultural ecology examines relationships between the physical environment and culture, viewing it as a two-way interaction.
  • The key schools of thought include:
    • Environmental determinism: posits that the environment dictates human culture.
    • Possibilism: asserts that technology enables culture to overcome environmental barriers.
    • Environmental perception: suggests that cultural decisions are based on perceptions of the environment rather than its actual characteristics.

Humans and Environment

  • The concept of humans as modifiers of the Earth claims that human culture significantly shapes the environment, countering environmental determinism.

Cultural Interaction

  • Cultural interaction studies how different traits within a culture influence one another.
  • Approaches to studying cultural interaction include:
    • Social science: applies the scientific method to understand human behavior and spatial patterns.
    • Human geography: emphasizes subjectivity and individuality in analyzing spatial variation.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts in cultural geography with this set of flashcards. Each card provides a definition of essential terms such as geography, culture, and cultural geography itself. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of spatial variations in culture.

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