AP Human Geography Unit 1 Review
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Questions and Answers

What is latitude?

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.

What is cultural ecology?

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

What is longitude?

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°).

What does GPS stand for?

<p>Global Positioning System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is GIS?

<p>A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a base line?

<p>An east-west line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is geography?

<p>The study of the earth's surface, climate, continents, countries, peoples, industries, and products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cartography?

<p>The science of mapmaking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define culture.

<p>The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cultural landscape?

<p>The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a hearth?

<p>The region from which innovative ideas originate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define meridian.

<p>An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a map?

<p>A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a parallel?

<p>A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'place' refer to in geography?

<p>A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is projection in cartography?

<p>The system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define region.

<p>An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is scale in geography?

<p>Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is space?

<p>The physical gap or interval between two objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define space-time compression.

<p>The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a toponym?

<p>The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a township?

<p>A square normally 6 miles on a side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define resource.

<p>A substance in the environment that is useful to people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 Themes of Geography?

<p>Place</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spatial association?

<p>The distribution of one phenomenon is spatially related to the distribution of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define globalization.

<p>Actions or processes that involve the entire world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is infrastructure?

<p>The stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are transition zones?

<p>Areas where the characteristics of one region gradually change into those of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a spatial perspective?

<p>An intellectual framework that looks at the particular locations of specific phenomena.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Census Bureau do?

<p>Responsible for taking the census.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is regionalization?

<p>The organization of Earth's surface into distinct areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is spatial organization?

<p>The location of places, people, and events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are landscapes?

<p>The overall appearance of an area shaped by both human and natural influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Why of Where' refer to?

<p>Explanations for why a spatial pattern occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Eratosthenes?

<p>Greek scholar in the 3rd century BC who accurately calculated the circumference of the Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Ptolemy?

<p>Greek scholar who inaccurately calculated the Earth's circumference by 9,000 miles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Idrisi?

<p>An 11th century Arab geographer who collected geographical information into an accurate representation of the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is George Perkins Marsh?

<p>A 19th century American geographer best known for his classic work, Man and Nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is Carl Sauer?

<p>An early 20th century geographer who shaped the field of human geography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is environmental geography?

<p>A field that centers on the interaction of human and physical geography.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are types of distortion in geography?

<p>Shapes of areas, distances between places, relative sizes of different areas, and direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Mercator projection?

<p>A map projection invented by Gerardus Mercator, distorting size near the poles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Robinson projection?

<p>A map that curves inward to fix the distortion of the Mercator projection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Peters projection?

<p>Introduced in 1974, focuses on maintaining equal area for landmasses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is scale in geography?

<p>The size of the unit studied, either local, regional, or global.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is solar time?

<p>A method used before the adoption of time zones based on the sun's position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the ways to identify place?

<p>Absolute location</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is site?

<p>The physical character of a place.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is situation?

<p>The location of a place relative to other places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a grid/rectilinear pattern?

<p>A rectangular system of land survey from the Land Ordinance of 1785.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does region refer to in geography?

<p>Spatial regularities exist within an area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is periphery in geographical terms?

<p>The region's margins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are multi-national corporations?

<p>Companies that have centers of operation in many parts of the globe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are physical site characteristics?

<p>Climate, topography, soil, water sources, vegetation, and elevation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Terms and Definitions

  • Latitude: Indicates the location of parallels on a globe; measures distance north and south of the equator.
  • Longitude: Indicates the location of meridians on a globe; measures distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°).
  • GPS (Global Positioning System): Determines precise positions on Earth using satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
  • GIS (Geographic Information System): A computer system that manages, analyzes, and displays geographic data.

Concepts in Geography

  • Cultural Ecology: Focuses on the relationships between humans and their environment.
  • Cultural Landscape: The transformation of natural landscapes by cultural groups, reflecting human activities and societal values.
  • Hearth: The origin region of innovative ideas.
  • Toponym: A name assigned to a specific portion of Earth's surface.

Mapping and Spatial Analysis

  • Map: A two-dimensional representation of Earth’s surface.
  • Projection: The method for translating locations from Earth's surface to flat maps.
  • Parallel: A circle drawn parallel to the equator, at right angles to meridians.
  • Meridian: An arc on a map connecting the North and South poles.

Geographic Relationships

  • Place: A specific point on Earth marked by particular characteristics.
  • Region: An area defined by a unique combination of features or trends.
  • Spatial Association: The relationship between the distribution of one phenomenon and another's distribution.
  • Space-Time Compression: The reduction in time it takes to spread ideas or products to distant locations due to improved communication.

Cultural and Physical Geography

  • Cultural Geography: Examines how cultural practices shape landscapes.
  • Environmental Geography: Studies the interactions of human and physical geography.
  • Physical Site Characteristics: Factors like climate, topography, and vegetation that define a location.

Historical Contributions to Geography

  • Eratosthenes: Calculated Earth's circumference in the 3rd century BC using shadows at different locations.
  • Ptolemy: Created early maps, inaccurately calculated Earth's circumference; his concepts influenced geographic thought for centuries.
  • Idrisi: 11th-century Arab geographer who compiled significant geographic data into maps.
  • George Perkins Marsh: Emphasized human impacts on the environment in "Man and Nature".
  • Carl Sauer: Advocated for the importance of cultural landscapes in geographical studies.

Distortion in Projections

  • Types of Distortion: Can involve areas' shapes, distances, sizes, and direction on maps.
  • Mercator Projection: Preserves direction but distorts sizes, especially near poles.
  • Robinson Projection: Attempts to reduce distortion across all areas, making it suitable for general purposes.
  • Peters Projection: Maintains area proportions but distorts shapes, resulting in an atypical presentation of landmasses.

Spatial Organization and Patterns

  • Spatial Perspective: Investigates where specific phenomena occur and their relationships across different locations.
  • Grid/Rectilinear Pattern: A rectangle-based land survey system forming a grid layout for streets.
  • Transition Zones: Areas where characteristics of one region gradually shift to another.

Global and Local Scale

  • Scale: Represents the relationship between a studied area and the entirety of Earth, both in size and perspective.
  • Multi-national Corporations: Businesses operating in multiple countries, illustrating globalization's impact.

Identifying Place

  • Ways to Identify Place: Criteria include place name, site, situation, and absolute location.
  • Site: The physical attributes of a location; essential for understanding environmental influences.
  • Situation: The relative location of a place concerning others, highlighting interconnectivity.

Additional Concepts

  • Resources: Substances that are useful and accessible, shaping economic activities.
  • Infrastructure: The essential physical and organizational structures needed for operation within a country or region.
  • 5 Themes of Geography: Fundamental concepts include Location, Movement, Place, Human-Environment Interaction, and Region.

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Test your knowledge with this flashcard quiz on key concepts from AP Human Geography Unit 1. Covering essential terms like latitude, longitude, and cultural ecology, this quiz will enhance your understanding of geography's foundational elements.

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