Geography Concepts and Terms Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What term describes the number of people per unit of area of arable land?

Arithmetic density

Cultural density

Relative density

Physiological density (correct)

Which type of diffusion refers to the spread of an idea through the physical movement of people?

Stimulus diffusion

Relocation diffusion (correct)

Contagious diffusion

Hierarchical diffusion

What does the term 'sequent occupance' refer to in geography?

The process of relocation diffusion

The spread of features across distances

The measurement of absolute distance

The cumulative cultural landscape created by successive societies (correct)

What is the primary focus of environmental determinism?

The study of how physical environments dictate human behaviors Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between absolute distance and relative distance?

Absolute distance measures physical space exactly; relative distance measures it approximately Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diffusion involves the spread of a characteristic through a fast-growing process within a population?

Expansion diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is a cultural landscape best described as?

A natural landscape modified by cultural practices Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the notion that a region is the origin of innovative ideas?

Cultural hearth Signup and view all the answers

What is demographic momentum?

Continued population growth after a decline in fertility due to a young age distribution. Signup and view all the answers

Which country is in Stage 3 of the demographic transition model?

Chile Signup and view all the answers

What does the dependency ratio indicate?

The ratio of productive individuals to dependents in a population. Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion of fertility control?

The varying number of children per woman in different regions around the world. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of disease diffusion?

Contagious and hierarchical Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by doubling time?

The number of years needed for a population to double, assuming a constant growth rate. Signup and view all the answers

What does ecumene refer to?

The proportion of land permanently occupied by humans. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage indicates low growth in the demographic transition model?

Stage 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary impact of the Green Revolution on world population and diets?

It increased food production, allowing the population to grow by about four billion. Signup and view all the answers

Which farming practice involves seasonal migration of livestock?

Transhumance Signup and view all the answers

In Von Thunen's model, what factors does a commercial farmer compare when choosing an enterprise?

Cost of land versus cost of transporting production to market. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes truck farms from other types of farming?

They utilize machines extensively and operate on a large scale. Signup and view all the answers

Which crop is predominantly consumed by Asian farmers according to the content?

Rice Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'Tragedy of the Commons' primarily about?

The conflict between individual interests and the common good regarding resource use. Signup and view all the answers

What does a high agricultural labor force indicate about a country?

It is likely an LDC (Less Developed Country) reliant on agriculture. Signup and view all the answers

In Von Thunen's rings, what is grown in the outermost ring?

Animal grazing. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indicator of development that is often measured by calorie consumption as a percentage of daily requirements?

Material Conditions Signup and view all the answers

Where are most More Developed Countries (MDCs) located on a map when viewed from the North Pole?

Near the center of the map Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant feature of Dependency Theory as it relates to LDCs?

They exhibit a higher dependency ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Human Development Index (HDI) include as its components?

GDP, literacy, and life expectancy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor in measuring development in countries?

Cultural Heritage Signup and view all the answers

What trend in energy consumption is anticipated as LDCs industrialize?

Significant strain on global energy supply Signup and view all the answers

Which countries are identified as LDCs that significantly receive foreign direct investment?

Brazil, China, and Mexico Signup and view all the answers

In which region do substantial differences in development between genders primarily occur?

Middle Eastern countries Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a neighborhood that is typically considered a slum or lower class area in Latin American cities?

Barriadas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following theories explains the increase in land price and demand closer to the central business district?

Bid-rent Theory Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'centrality' refer to in urban land use?

The strength of dominance of an urban center over its surrounding area Signup and view all the answers

What process describes white families selling their homes due to fears of property value decline when black families move in?

Blockbusting Signup and view all the answers

What does 'census tract' generally refer to in urban studies?

A government-designated area often correlating to neighborhoods Signup and view all the answers

Who created the theory that explains the distribution of services and the patterns associated with it?

Walter Christaller Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as the movement of people, capital, and services into the central city?

Centralization Signup and view all the answers

Cities are typically defined as larger, centralized areas with what form of governance?

A local government and mayor Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary implication of a high physiological density in a country?

It suggests difficulty in growing enough food for the population. Signup and view all the answers

The population explosion in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is associated with which stage of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

Stage 2: Early Expanding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'S-curve'?

It illustrates the cyclical movement in population growth and decline. Signup and view all the answers

What does the rate of natural increase (NIR) calculate?

The difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which property of population distribution examines how a population's characteristics are spread across a given area?

Pattern Signup and view all the answers

In terms of sex ratio, which statement is accurate?

High male death rates can affect the overall population ratio. Signup and view all the answers

What does agricultural density indicate about a country?

The efficiency of its agricultural practices. Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT considered when determining population distribution properties?

Conflict Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Geography - Nature & Perspectives

Sequent occupance: Successive societies leave cultural imprints on a place, accumulating cultural landscapes.
Cultural landscape: A cultural group's modification of a natural landscape.
Arithmetic density: Total population divided by total land area.
Physiological density: Population per unit of arable land.
Hearth: Origin of innovative ideas.
Diffusion: Spread of a feature or trend from one place to another.
Relocation diffusion: Spread through physical movement of people.
Expansion diffusion: Spread of a feature from one place through various processes.
- Hierarchical diffusion: Spread from nodes of authority to other places.
- Contagious diffusion: Rapid, widespread spread through population.
- Stimulus diffusion: Spread of an underlying principle, even if a specific characteristic doesn't spread.
Absolute distance: Exact measurement between places.
Relative distance: Approximate measurement between places.
Distribution: Arrangement of something across Earth's surface.
Environmental determinism: 19th and early 20th-century geography approach arguing physical environment caused human activity.
Absolute location: Position on Earth using longitude and latitude.
Relative location: Position of a place in relation to other places.
Site: Physical characteristics at a location and why it's significant.
Situation: Location of a place relative to other places.

Population – Migration & Dispersion

Age distribution: (population pyramid) displays male and female population by five-year age groups.
Carry capacity: Population supportable by available resources.
Cohort: Population of a particular age group at a given time.
Demographic equation: Formula calculating population change (births - deaths + net migration).
Demographic momentum: Continued population growth after fertility decline due to young age distribution.
Demographic regions: Areas categorized by stages of demographic transition.
Demographic Transition model: (5 stages): Low Growth, High Growth, Moderate Growth, Low Growth, Zero Growth -negative growth.
Dependency ratio: Ratio of dependents (young and old) to those of working age.
Diffusion of fertility control: Spread of methods controlling fertility across the world.
Disease diffusion: Spread of diseases, either contagiously (through high population areas) or hierarchically (through authorities.)
Doubling time: Number of years for population to double if natural increase rate stays constant.
Ecumene: Portion of Earth's surface with permanent human settlement.
Epidemiological transition model: Distinct cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition.
Infant mortality rate (IMR): Annual deaths of infants under one year per 1000 live births.

Cultural Patterns & Processes

Acculturation: Adopting certain customs of a more dominant culture.
Assimilation: Dominant culture absorbs less dominant cultures, resulting in loss of unique aspects of the lesser dominant culture.
Cultural Adaptation:
Cultural core/periphery: Core areas have higher economic power than outlying peripheral areas.
Cultural Ecology: Study of human environmental interaction
Cultural Identity: Sense of belonging to a specific cultural group.
Cultural Landscape: Visible imprint of human activity on the landscape.
Cultural Realm: Large geographical area with shared cultural traits.
Culture: Shared beliefs, customs, and traditions of a group of people.
Culture Region: Area with shared cultural traits.
- Formal (Uniform): Area where everyone shares the same characteristics
- Functional (Nodal): Area organized around a node or center point
- Vernacular: Area with a shared perception among people that it exists as part of their common cultural identity
Diffusion: Spread of a culture/ trait/ technology.
- Expansion: Spread through hierarchical or contagious relationships
- Relocation: Spread by migration
Innovation Adoption: Study of how quickly new technologies are adopted.
Maladaptive diffusion: Diffusion of a harmful practice or concept.
Sequence Occupancy: Successive societies' impacts on cultural landscapes.
Religion: Organized system of beliefs, faith and practices.
- Animism: Belief that objects, natural events, have spirits.
- Monotheism/polytheism: Belief in one/many gods.

Political Organization of Space

Annexation: Incorporation of territory into another political entity.
Antarctica: Continent with no permanent residents or claim by any country
Apartheid: System of racial segregation in South Africa
Balkanization: The breakdown of a region or state into smaller political units.
Border Landscape: physical boundary between countries.
- Exclusionary: aimed to keep people out
- Inclusionary: facilitate trade, travel, etc
Boundary disputes: Conflicts over boundaries.
Boundary origin: Boundaries form through various processes.
Boundary process: Methods of creating boundaries.
Boundary type: Categorization of boundaries (natural, political, etc)
Buffer state: A country lying between two hostile countries, created to avoid conflict.
Capital: A city serving as the governing center.
Centrifugal Forces: Factors causing disunity or division within a country
Centripetal Forces: Factors uniting people and promoting national unity.
City-state: Independent city with sovereign power
Colonialism: Establishment of settlements and control by a foreign power.
Confederation: Group of states with some degree of unity.
Conference of Berlin: Meeting that divided African land up for European powers.

Agricultural & Rural Land Use

Adaptive strategies: How people adapt to their environmental circumstances for farming.
Agrarian: Those involved in farming.
Agribusiness: Large-scale commercial farming organized for profit.
Agricultural Industrialization: Application of technology to farming.
Agricultural landscape: Land that farms choose to cultivate for specific purposes.
Agricultural location model: Models that predict ideal location of farming activities.
Agricultural Origins: Origination points/ development of agriculture.
Agriculture: Deliberate modification of the land to cultivate crops or raise livestock.
Animal domestication: Process of taming and raising animals.
Aquaculture: Cultivating aquatic organisms.
Biorevolution: Biotechnological advancements in agriculture.
Biotechnology: Use of living organisms to create, improve, and develop products/process
Collective farm: Large-scale farms owned/operated by the government in Communist countries.
Commercial agriculture: Agriculture for the purpose of selling products
Crop rotation: Rotating which crops are grown in a field each year to prevent soil depletion.
Core/Periphery: Relationships between highly developed (Core) and less developed countries (periphery.) countries.
Extensive subsistence agriculture: Farming method that uses large plots and produces minimal surplus.
Intensive subsistence agriculture: Farming method that uses smaller plots efficiently to produce large surpluses
Livestock ranching: Raising animals for sale.
Market gardening: Small-scale farming focused on selling produce directly to consumers.
Mediterranean agriculture: Farming in Mediterranean regions, primarily focused on fruits, vegetables, and livestock.
Mineral fuels: Non-renewable energy sources used in different industries.
Mining: Extraction of minerals and other natural resources.
Nomadic herding: Moving livestock from one place to another based on seasonal availability of feed.
Planned economies: Economic systems where the government controls production, distribution of goods and services and sets prices.

Industrialization & Development

Agricultural labor force: Number of people employed in agriculture.
Calorie consumption: Amount of calories consumed daily
Core/periphery model: Illustrates the relationship between developed (core) and developing (periphery) nations.
Cultural convergence: Similar cultures forming due to interaction.
Dependency theory: Countries are kept in a state of underdevelopment by more powerful countries that exploit them.
Development: Improvement in living standards and material conditions.
Deindustrialization: Decline of manufacturing in an area that was once a manufacturing hub
Foreign Direct Investment: Investment by foreign companies in another country’s economy, either directly or through a branch.
Gross domestic product (GDP): Total value of goods and services produced in a country annually.
Gross national product (GNP): Similar to GDP but also includes income earned abroad

Cities & Urban Land Use

Agglomeration: Concentration of people and businesses in a specific area
Agglomeration economies: Benefits accruing from concentration
Air pollution: Harmful substances in the air
Barrios: Neighborhoods and slums, primarily in Latin America
Barriadas: Lower class neighborhoods in Latin American cities
Bid-rent theory: Land values decline as distance from city center increases
Blockbusting: Real estate practice used to create racial segregation
CBD: Central business district, the commercial center of a city
Centralization: Clustering of activities in the central city
Christaller, Walter: Creator of the Central Place Theory
City: A populated area with a specific political and administrative organization
Cityscapes: Visual appearance of a city
Colonial city: City established during colonial period with specific architectural and cultural characteristics
Commercialization: Transformation of an area/city into a commercial zone
Concentric zone model: Urban model with radiating zones from city center

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on key geographical concepts and terms. This quiz covers various topics including diffusion types, demographic transitions, and cultural landscapes. Ideal for students studying geography or related fields.