Cultural Beliefs on Disease Causation in Philippines
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Questions and Answers

What is the English translation of 'namamana'?

  • Hot and cold syndrome
  • Curse
  • Inheritance (correct)
  • God's will
  • Which cultural belief relates to maternal cravings during conception?

  • Lihi (correct)
  • Pasma
  • Sumpa
  • Kaloob ng Diyos
  • What does 'kaloob ng Diyos' imply in Filipino culture?

  • Inheritance
  • Curse
  • Mystical and supernatural causes
  • God's will (correct)
  • Which belief suggests a connection to supernatural explanations for genetic conditions?

    <p>Namaligno (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might the belief in 'sumpa' affect perceptions of genetic conditions?

    <p>It associates the condition with a curse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of this discussion, which belief is likely linked to short stature concerns in families?

    <p>Pasma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might some individuals with achondroplasia not seek medical care?

    <p>Their height is not a family concern. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following beliefs emphasizes the role of environmental factors in health?

    <p>Pasma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method suggested to decrease the recurrence risk of neural tube defects?

    <p>Folic acid supplementation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'namamana' relate to in the context of genetic counseling?

    <p>Inheritance patterns of traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition was the patient diagnosed with during the genetic counseling session?

    <p>Ectrodactyly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural belief contributed to the family's concern regarding the patient's condition?

    <p>The maternal grandmother took a 'lihi' for crabs during pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the belief in gaba among Filipinos?

    <p>It is a curse inflicted by a supernatural being. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what period of pregnancy do physical discomforts commonly referred to as 'lihi' occur?

    <p>First trimester (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mystical implication associated with Marfan syndrome in Filipino belief?

    <p>It is linked to being born of a kapre's influence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions may be difficult to explain using the concept of 'namamana'?

    <p>Conditions with recessive inheritance patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term sumpa refer to in Filipino beliefs?

    <p>A curse inflicted by another person. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a commonly experienced symptom during the 'lihi' period of pregnancy?

    <p>General weakening of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does public health education play in addressing the recurrence of neural tube defects?

    <p>Advocating folic acid supplementation among women of childbearing age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the belief in the effects of gaba and sumpa said to impact families?

    <p>The impact extends to the next generation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the ritualistic activities associated with gaba aim to achieve?

    <p>To end the effects of the curse. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mythical being is associated with the belief that a person with Marfan syndrome may have a mystical origin?

    <p>Kapre (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Filipino belief, what is commonly used to explain diseases that lack a clear cause?

    <p>Namaligno. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is commonly associated with someone described as looking like a kapre?

    <p>Long limbs and hands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition was AS diagnosed with?

    <p>Progeria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural belief relates to the causes of illness mentioned in the content?

    <p>Sumpa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a woman who recently gave birth avoid to prevent aggravating her condition?

    <p>Hot environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significant family history for GV related to her diagnosis?

    <p>Family members with various cancers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the beliefs mentioned, what is 'gaba' associated with?

    <p>A curse from a supernatural being (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the traditional healer attribute JH's symptoms to?

    <p>The influence of a maligno (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse family interaction did AS experience after her diagnosis?

    <p>Physical violence from her husband (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using explanatory models (EM) of illness in the genetic counseling process?

    <p>To align the understanding of illness between the patient and health care provider. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cancer types were noted in GV's family history?

    <p>Kidney, endometrial, renal, and liver cancers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the seven common Filipino cultural beliefs mentioned?

    <p>Superstition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is cultural awareness emphasized as a prerequisite in achieving cultural competency?

    <p>It highlights the importance of cultural beliefs in patients’ health decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'namamana' relate to in Filipino cultural beliefs?

    <p>Inherited traits or illnesses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cultural competency impact patient care in genetic counseling?

    <p>It minimizes cultural misunderstandings and enhances communication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue does the case of BA, a 6-year-old girl, highlight in pediatric genetics?

    <p>The lack of awareness regarding short stature as a genetic concern. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which author suggested that cultural awareness is challenging to maintain in health care?

    <p>Abad (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated as an important first step in eliciting the EM of genetic illnesses?

    <p>To ensure both parties communicate in a shared understanding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the intense cravings and likings experienced by pregnant women?

    <p>Lihi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to cultural beliefs, what is thought to influence the physical traits of an offspring during the lihi period?

    <p>Foods craved by the mother (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of genetic congenital anomalies, what does ectrodactyly refer to?

    <p>All or part of one or more fingers is absent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cultural interpretation of crab-like arms and legs in the context described?

    <p>A result of cravings during pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lamellar ichthyosis manifest as?

    <p>Dry, thickened, and flaky skin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do some cultures perceive the contribution of fathers to inheritance?

    <p>Fathers have a negligible role (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic condition is represented by the term 'split-hand/split-foot malformation'?

    <p>Ectrodactyly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological aspect is thought to accompany the lihi period in pregnant women?

    <p>Heightened emotional bonding with objects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Explanatory Models (EM) of illness

    A framework for understanding a patient's perspective on the cause of their illness, including associated meanings and values.

    Cultural Awareness

    Understanding the existence of cultural differences between a patient and health professional.

    Cultural Competency

    A skill developed after achieving cultural awareness. It involves understanding and respecting diverse cultures.

    Genetic Counseling

    A process of providing information and support to individuals and families regarding genetic conditions.

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    Namamana

    A Filipino cultural belief that illness is inherited or passed down through family.

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    Cultural Beliefs

    Values and beliefs that a particular group of people may have that impact understanding and decision-making on health issues.

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    Filipino Cultural Beliefs

    Specific beliefs related to health and illness within Filipino culture.

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    Eliciting EM

    Discovering a patient's explanatory model of their illness, for better communication.

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    Lihi

    Filipino cultural belief related to conception or maternal cravings.

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    Pasma

    Filipino cultural belief of hot and cold imbalances.

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    Sumpa/Gaba

    Filipino cultural belief that a condition is due to a curse.

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    Namaligno

    Filipino cultural belief relating to mystical or supernatural causes of a condition.

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    Kaloob ng Diyos

    Filipino cultural belief that a condition is God's will.

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    Genetic conditions

    Conditions that are influenced by the genetic code.

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    Ectrodactyly

    A condition where there's a split hand or foot malformation.

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    Autosomal Dominant Inheritance

    A pattern of inheritance where a single copy of a mutated gene from either parent is sufficient to cause a condition.

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    Recessive Inheritance

    A pattern of inheritance where two copies of a mutated gene, one from each parent, are needed for a condition to appear.

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    Folic Acid Supplementation

    Taking folic acid supplements to prevent neural tube defects.

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    Public Health Education

    Raising awareness and promoting health practices among the public.

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    Lamellar Ichthyosis

    A genetic disorder marked by dry, thickened, and flaky skin that resembles fish scales.

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    Stronger Genes

    A belief that physical resemblance in offspring is due to stronger genes inherited from either parent.

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    Genetic Inheritance

    The scientific explanation of traits passing down from parents to offspring through genes, defying traditional cultural beliefs.

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    Cultural Beliefs and Genetic Inheritance

    Cultural beliefs, like namamana and lihi, often clash with scientific explanations of genetic inheritance based on Mendel's principles.

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    Sumpa

    A Filipino cultural belief that a condition is a curse inflicted by another person. It's often linked to family struggles and misfortune.

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    How does sumpa differ from gaba?

    Sumpa refers to a curse inflicted by another person, while gaba is a more general curse that's not connected to a specific individual.

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    What are common symptoms associated with pasma?

    Pasma is a Filipino belief about an imbalance of hot and cold energies in the body. It's often linked to chills, muscle aches, and fatigue.

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    Explain the connection between 'sumpa' and poverty.

    In the Filipino culture, sumpa is often linked to poverty, as people believe the curse is responsible for misfortune and financial struggles.

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    What effect does "pasma" have on a woman who recently gave birth?

    Pasma is a cultural belief that childbirth leaves a woman vulnerable to cold, which can cause various ailments. It's often suggested that new mothers should avoid cold environments and food.

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    How do people explain cancer within Filipino cultures?

    Some Filipinos may attribute cancer to genetic factors ('namamana'), while others attribute it to supernatural forces ('gaba' or 'namaligno'). This reflects diverse ways Filipino communities understands and explain this disease.

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    What is 'Namaligno'?

    A Filipino belief that a disease is caused by supernatural forces, like mystical beings, rather than purely medical reasons.

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    Kapre

    In Filipino folklore, a tree-dwelling giant known for smoking huge cigars. People with Marfan syndrome are sometimes associated with Kapre.

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    Marfan Syndrome and Kapre

    People with Marfan Syndrome, a genetic condition, are sometimes linked to the mythical Kapre in Filipino culture. This belief ties their physical appearance to a supernatural being.

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    Gaba vs. Sumpa

    Gaba is a divine curse, while Sumpa is a curse inflicted by a human being. Both are believed to bring misfortune to the individual and their family.

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    Impact of Sumpa and Gaba

    Sumpa and Gaba are believed to affect not just the individual cursed but their entire family, even future generations. Rituals and amulets are used to break the curse.

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    Namaligno as Explanation

    Namaligno is often used as an explanation for illnesses that lack clear medical causes. This reflects the Filipino belief in supernatural influences on health.

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    Study Notes

    Cultural Beliefs on Disease Causation in the Philippines

    • Cultural competence in healthcare is crucial for genetic counselors in the Philippines, given the archipelago's 7,107 islands and 175 ethnolinguistic groups, each with unique cultural identities and health practices.
    • Filipino cultural beliefs influence how individuals conceptualize and explain the causes of disease. These beliefs impact their understanding of health and their decision-making regarding healthcare.
    • Seven common Filipino cultural beliefs regarding disease causation are discussed: namamana (inheritance), lihi (maternal cravings during pregnancy), pasma (hot and cold imbalance), sumpa and gaba (curse), namaligno (supernatural causes), and kaloob ng Diyos (God's will).

    Namamana

    • Namamana is the Filipino term for inheritance.
    • This belief suggests that a health condition can be passed down from parents to children.
    • It’s not always consistent with Mendelian inheritance.

    Lihi

    • Lihi is a belief tied to maternal cravings during pregnancy.
    • It implies that what a pregnant woman craves will, in some way, influence the characteristics of the child.

    Pasma

    • Pasma is a concept relating to the balance of hot and cold elements.
    • The imbalance of these elements can cause illness.
    • Postpartum psychoses are sometimes attributed to pasma, where "cold" elements are thought to have entered the body.

    Sumpa and Gaba

    • Sumpa is a curse inflicted by a human.
    • Gaba is a curse inflicted by a divine being.
    • Both beliefs are related to social wrongdoing and often affect entire families, influencing the next generations.

    Namaligno

    • Namaligno is a belief that a disease is caused by a supernatural being or mystical intervention.
    • This belief often manifests when the cause of a disease is unknown.

    Kaloob ng Diyos

    • For Filipinos, Kaloob ng Diyos (God's will) means that events, including illness, are determined by a higher power.
    • Often, individuals and families in the Philippines attribute unexplainable occurrences to this belief.

    Implications for Genetic Counseling

    • Cultural beliefs regarding disease causation can influence patients' understanding about their conditions, treatment choices and coping mechanisms.
    • Cultural competency training and awareness of different cultural practices is vital for effective genetic counseling practices.
    • The discrepancies between cultural beliefs and scientific understanding of genetic inheritance can pose challenges in genetic counseling.
    • Tailoring the delivery of information and counseling to address patients' cultural perspectives is essential for building trust and rapport.

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    Description

    Explore the unique Filipino cultural beliefs that shape perceptions of disease causation. This quiz delves into seven common beliefs that influence healthcare decisions, such as inheritance, maternal cravings, and supernatural causes. Understand how these cultural perspectives impact health practices in the diverse landscape of the Philippines.

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