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Questions and Answers
What is one reason that ancestral spirits are believed to cause illness?
What is one reason that ancestral spirits are believed to cause illness?
Which of the following best describes the Engkanto belief?
Which of the following best describes the Engkanto belief?
Which term refers to a local shaman believed to cure illnesses through magic?
Which term refers to a local shaman believed to cure illnesses through magic?
How are kinship ties viewed in the context of illness according to the beliefs mentioned?
How are kinship ties viewed in the context of illness according to the beliefs mentioned?
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What traditional belief influences environmental conservation practices?
What traditional belief influences environmental conservation practices?
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Which term refers to the Tagalog concept of health?
Which term refers to the Tagalog concept of health?
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What does the term 'sakit' encompass in the Tagalog language?
What does the term 'sakit' encompass in the Tagalog language?
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Which term indicates a lack of physical development in Tagalog?
Which term indicates a lack of physical development in Tagalog?
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What concept does 'madaling mapagod' suggest in relation to health?
What concept does 'madaling mapagod' suggest in relation to health?
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In Filipino concepts of wellness, what does malusog represent?
In Filipino concepts of wellness, what does malusog represent?
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What does the phrase ‘di bale kahit payat, huwag lang masakitin’ emphasize?
What does the phrase ‘di bale kahit payat, huwag lang masakitin’ emphasize?
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In the Filipino context, what do the elements of nature represent in relation to health?
In the Filipino context, what do the elements of nature represent in relation to health?
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Which of the following best defines health and wellness in a holistic Filipino context?
Which of the following best defines health and wellness in a holistic Filipino context?
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What is believed to occur if there is an imbalance among the humors in the body?
What is believed to occur if there is an imbalance among the humors in the body?
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Which natural force is mentioned as contributing to illness according to the naturalistic theories of illness causation?
Which natural force is mentioned as contributing to illness according to the naturalistic theories of illness causation?
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In the context of humoral pathology, what can excessive consumption of hot foods cause?
In the context of humoral pathology, what can excessive consumption of hot foods cause?
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What can the expression of 'Kumukulo ang dugo' signify in terms of emotions?
What can the expression of 'Kumukulo ang dugo' signify in terms of emotions?
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Which food practice is considered to potentially lead to illness according to traditional beliefs?
Which food practice is considered to potentially lead to illness according to traditional beliefs?
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What is the significance of the balance among hot and cold, wet and dry attributes in the body?
What is the significance of the balance among hot and cold, wet and dry attributes in the body?
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Which of the following is a belief related to personalistic theories of illness causation?
Which of the following is a belief related to personalistic theories of illness causation?
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How is 'pagma' or 'pilay' related to the concepts of health and wellness?
How is 'pagma' or 'pilay' related to the concepts of health and wellness?
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What role do nature spirits play in Filipino beliefs regarding health?
What role do nature spirits play in Filipino beliefs regarding health?
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What does the belief regarding 'singaw sa lupa' relate to in terms of health?
What does the belief regarding 'singaw sa lupa' relate to in terms of health?
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Which of the following statements reflects a common belief about dietary restrictions during pregnancy?
Which of the following statements reflects a common belief about dietary restrictions during pregnancy?
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What does ‘disease state’ indicate in relation to the balance of person and environment?
What does ‘disease state’ indicate in relation to the balance of person and environment?
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Which element is a key factor in determining the balance of humors according to humoral pathology?
Which element is a key factor in determining the balance of humors according to humoral pathology?
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Study Notes
Health and Illness
- In Tagalog, "kalusugan" means health, while "sakit" refers to illness, disease, and pain.
- "Malusog" signifies a state of good health and physical development, contrasting with "payat" which suggests a lack of full development but not necessarily illness.
- "Lusog" indicates full development and progressiveness.
- "Mataba", while indicating obesity, is not typically considered a sign of good health in Filipino culture.
- "Malakas" denotes strength and overall feeling of well-being, often linked to a strong body that can function well.
- "Madaling mapagod" suggests proneness to fatigue, indicating possible or impending illness.
Filipino Traditional Medicine: Definition of Health and Wellness
- Health and wellness are seen as a balance and harmony between mankind and the universe, nature, fellow human beings, and one's own body, mind, and soul.
Traditional Medicine Theories
- Theory of macrocosm and microcosm: This theory suggests a mirroring effect between the universe (macrocosm) and humankind (microcosm), emphasizing a connection and shared patterns.
- Theory of nature elements: Water, earth, fire, and air are viewed as interconnected elements, their harmony and balance contributing to health.
- Theory of body humors: This theory emphasizes the balance of hot and cold, wet and dry forces within the body and the environment, suggesting that dominance in one aspect can lead to illness.
- Belief in nature spirits and ancestors: Nature spirits and ancestral spirits are believed to influence human health, acting as guardians of nature and potentially causing illness if their respect is not honored.
Theories of Illness Causation
- Naturalistic theories: These theories attribute illness to impersonal and systematic influences from natural forces or conditions such as natural phenomena, diet, infections, humoral imbalances, natural processes, and stress.
- Personalistic theories: These theories attribute illness to the active and purposeful intervention of agents, including animate beings like ghosts and supernatural entities, as well as humans with magical abilities like sorcerers and witches.
Humoral Pathology
- Humoral pathology focuses on the balance of hot and cold forces within the body. Imbalances can be caused by dietary factors, such as consuming cold foods in the morning or hot foods like beans.
- The balance of hot and cold is related to the four natural elements (water, earth, fire, and air).
Natural Processes
- These theories relate health and illness to human physiology and metabolism.
- Heart is the locus of vitality and will, while blood is the carrier of vitality.
- Hereditary illnesses, incompatible blood types, and changes in blood viscosity can contribute to illness according to this theory.
Stress
- Both physical and psychic forms of stress, such as overexertion, prolonged hunger, or thirst, are considered factors that can contribute to illness.
Susceptibility
- Children, especially if unbaptized, are seen as particularly vulnerable to illness.
- Pregnant and postpartum women are also considered susceptible to supernatural forces due to their state.
Animist Beliefs
- These beliefs posit that supernatural beings, such as ghosts, ancestral spirits, and other entities, can cause illness.
- Fear of ghosts is widespread, as they can cause harm.
- Ancestral spirits are commonly linked to illness, especially when ritual obligations towards them are not fulfilled.
- Close kinship ties between the living and the dead can create a connection that can make someone susceptible to illness.
Engkanto Beliefs
- Engkanto are supernatural beings believed to be Caucasian, wealthy, and inhabiting a world similar but separate from humans.
- They can cause illness, although it is believed that local shamans can cure it.
Beliefs in Supernatural Beings
- These beliefs often function as a means of social control, reinforcing kinship ties and discouraging practices like abortion.
- Numerous spirits are believed to inhabit the world, associated with specific habitats such as rocks, trees, caves, and rivers.
Magical Beliefs
- These beliefs attribute illness to humans with magical abilities, such as sorcerers and witches.
Attitudes
- Cultural attitudes play a role in the perception and management of illness.
- Belief in supernatural beings can influence environmental conservation practices as a way of honoring and appeasing them.
Kapre Belief
- Kapre is a malevolent supernatural being in Filipino folklore.
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Description
Explore the meanings of health and illness in Filipino culture, including key terms and their significance. This quiz delves into traditional beliefs surrounding wellness and the balance between body, mind, and nature. Gain insights into Filipino perspectives on health and its various dimensions.
