Podcast
Questions and Answers
An athlete is trying to increase lean body mass while decreasing fat mass. Which strategy is MOST appropriate?
An athlete is trying to increase lean body mass while decreasing fat mass. Which strategy is MOST appropriate?
- Establish a caloric deficit with adequate protein intake alongside a strength and conditioning program. (correct)
- Establish a caloric surplus with a high protein intake without resistance training.
- Establish a large caloric deficit and consume minimal protein.
- Establish a small caloric surplus and focus on high fat intake.
What is the initial step a sports dietitian should take before recommending a supplement to an athlete?
What is the initial step a sports dietitian should take before recommending a supplement to an athlete?
- Analyze the athlete's supplement stack.
- Review the athlete's training regimen.
- Evaluate the athlete's hydration habits.
- Assess the athlete's current performance diet. (correct)
Why is electrolyte replacement important for athletes during endurance activities?
Why is electrolyte replacement important for athletes during endurance activities?
- Electrolyte depletion signals the body to conserve fluid by increasing urine output.
- Electrolytes prevent the formation of lactic acid, preventing muscle fatigue.
- Electrolytes provide the primary fuel source for muscle contraction during low-intensity activities.
- Sweat, a hypotonic solution, contains vital electrolytes that require replacement. (correct)
High intensity exercise relies most heavily on which energy system?
High intensity exercise relies most heavily on which energy system?
What is the primary goal of carbohydrate loading?
What is the primary goal of carbohydrate loading?
Which of the following post-exercise nutrition strategies is MOST effective for glycogen repletion and muscle recovery after a glycogen depleting activity?
Which of the following post-exercise nutrition strategies is MOST effective for glycogen repletion and muscle recovery after a glycogen depleting activity?
Which statement aligns with current recommendations for protein intake?
Which statement aligns with current recommendations for protein intake?
Which factor contributes to short-term fatigue?
Which factor contributes to short-term fatigue?
Which adaptation primarily results from endurance training?
Which adaptation primarily results from endurance training?
What is the MAIN difference between type I and type II muscle fibers?
What is the MAIN difference between type I and type II muscle fibers?
In which scenario would an athlete be MOST susceptible to hyponatremia?
In which scenario would an athlete be MOST susceptible to hyponatremia?
What is the recommendation for replacing fluid losses?
What is the recommendation for replacing fluid losses?
According to the information provided, what is the definition of a dietary supplement?
According to the information provided, what is the definition of a dietary supplement?
Before recommending creatine to a collegiate athlete, what steps should be taken?
Before recommending creatine to a collegiate athlete, what steps should be taken?
Which statement explains the purpose of a 'proprietary blend' on a supplement label?
Which statement explains the purpose of a 'proprietary blend' on a supplement label?
What is a crucial difference in nutritional recommendations between an adult endurance athlete and a masters endurance athlete?
What is a crucial difference in nutritional recommendations between an adult endurance athlete and a masters endurance athlete?
What is the condition that can be caused by an athlete restricting their diet?
What is the condition that can be caused by an athlete restricting their diet?
Based on the material provided, identify a warning sign that helps you to realize that athletes are at a higher risk for eating disorders?
Based on the material provided, identify a warning sign that helps you to realize that athletes are at a higher risk for eating disorders?
If you are the dietitian for an athlete who has type 1 diabetes, what is the best way to educate the athlete?
If you are the dietitian for an athlete who has type 1 diabetes, what is the best way to educate the athlete?
If the athlete that you are working with has a vitamin D deficiency, what information about vitamin D2 is correct?
If the athlete that you are working with has a vitamin D deficiency, what information about vitamin D2 is correct?
To provide good coaching, which of the following conditions would require multiple health professionals?
To provide good coaching, which of the following conditions would require multiple health professionals?
The test said the patient has a high risk of RED-S, what is the most reliable recommendation for this athlete?
The test said the patient has a high risk of RED-S, what is the most reliable recommendation for this athlete?
Which is a function or characteristic of Zinc in athletes?
Which is a function or characteristic of Zinc in athletes?
With the information provided, what are the characteristics that define an elite athlete?
With the information provided, what are the characteristics that define an elite athlete?
A collegiate athlete must figure out ways to eat according to the sport, therefore he must determine how to use what?
A collegiate athlete must figure out ways to eat according to the sport, therefore he must determine how to use what?
When determining an athlete's energy needs, what might indicate the use of predictive equations instead of indirect calorimetry?
When determining an athlete's energy needs, what might indicate the use of predictive equations instead of indirect calorimetry?
Which of the following best describes the approach a sports dietitian should take when an athlete wants to achieve a specific body composition?
Which of the following best describes the approach a sports dietitian should take when an athlete wants to achieve a specific body composition?
According to the guide, which monitoring action is directly related to improvements of diet?
According to the guide, which monitoring action is directly related to improvements of diet?
To fully support performance and health, what is the best way to start a nutrition plan?
To fully support performance and health, what is the best way to start a nutrition plan?
What strategy can help prevent heat-related illnesses for athletes during outdoor workouts?
What strategy can help prevent heat-related illnesses for athletes during outdoor workouts?
In marathon preparation, what serves as the primary fuel source?
In marathon preparation, what serves as the primary fuel source?
Which of the following should a marathon runner focus their fueling strategy around?
Which of the following should a marathon runner focus their fueling strategy around?
Which best describes a dietary supplement according to the DSHEA?
Which best describes a dietary supplement according to the DSHEA?
When evaluating the claims made by a supplement, which of the following questions are critical to get answered?
When evaluating the claims made by a supplement, which of the following questions are critical to get answered?
Which is the most appropriate action for a sports RD to take when learning about new supplements?
Which is the most appropriate action for a sports RD to take when learning about new supplements?
Why is it important to consider glycogen stores when making nutritional recommendations?
Why is it important to consider glycogen stores when making nutritional recommendations?
Why might athletes who have a high risk of disordered eating and weight more frequently?
Why might athletes who have a high risk of disordered eating and weight more frequently?
What dietary recommendation best benefits a power lifter?
What dietary recommendation best benefits a power lifter?
Why would a RD want to work with an athlete with high levels of competitiveness?
Why would a RD want to work with an athlete with high levels of competitiveness?
Which statement is MOST accurate when educating athletes on combining nutrition with training?
Which statement is MOST accurate when educating athletes on combining nutrition with training?
What would you recommend to the Athlete who is training in 87°F weather?
What would you recommend to the Athlete who is training in 87°F weather?
According to the study guide, which of the following is NOT always the best indicator for dehydration?
According to the study guide, which of the following is NOT always the best indicator for dehydration?
What steps can be taken to reduce likelihood of banned substance contamination supplements?
What steps can be taken to reduce likelihood of banned substance contamination supplements?
What may athletes do that is very dangerous with a low BMI number?
What may athletes do that is very dangerous with a low BMI number?
Under normal temperature conditions, what fluid source accounts for the greatest amount of loss?
Under normal temperature conditions, what fluid source accounts for the greatest amount of loss?
During exercise, what processes primarily contribute to the body's ability to cool itself?
During exercise, what processes primarily contribute to the body's ability to cool itself?
Which is a key recommendation for electrolyte consumption with regards to distance?
Which is a key recommendation for electrolyte consumption with regards to distance?
According to what is written, all of these statements about B vitamins are correct except?
According to what is written, all of these statements about B vitamins are correct except?
What is an important factor with vitamin D consumption?
What is an important factor with vitamin D consumption?
A team's training changes throughout the year, in which you as a professional must remember to do what?
A team's training changes throughout the year, in which you as a professional must remember to do what?
Compared to the general public. why must you be more cautious with giving athletes additional vitamins?
Compared to the general public. why must you be more cautious with giving athletes additional vitamins?
What key traits are important within dietary patterns and supplementations?
What key traits are important within dietary patterns and supplementations?
Which strategy best ensures the intake of high-quality protein among plant-based athletes?
Which strategy best ensures the intake of high-quality protein among plant-based athletes?
Which evaluation is least important in sports nutrition?
Which evaluation is least important in sports nutrition?
Which factor is least likely to increase some athletes risk for RED-S risk?
Which factor is least likely to increase some athletes risk for RED-S risk?
Following an injury, which is the recommendation for the athlete?
Following an injury, which is the recommendation for the athlete?
Which situation would require you to look at medication?
Which situation would require you to look at medication?
Which list contains things you can educate a youth competitor in?
Which list contains things you can educate a youth competitor in?
What does being on the sports medicine team consist of?
What does being on the sports medicine team consist of?
There are athletes that take advice from popular influences but what do you take into consideration as a member of those care?
There are athletes that take advice from popular influences but what do you take into consideration as a member of those care?
You have a soccer player you have had for years and suddenly they are not performing at those levels from before, what consideration do you need to take with them?
You have a soccer player you have had for years and suddenly they are not performing at those levels from before, what consideration do you need to take with them?
Athletes benefit MOST from individualized hydration plans that do which of the following?
Athletes benefit MOST from individualized hydration plans that do which of the following?
Compared to adults, for whom must you increase support?
Compared to adults, for whom must you increase support?
In reviewing athlete needs, there will need to be more focus on B vitamins, vitamin D, and _______?
In reviewing athlete needs, there will need to be more focus on B vitamins, vitamin D, and _______?
There are athletes who will need medical help because of their nutrition plans. What would you consider?
There are athletes who will need medical help because of their nutrition plans. What would you consider?
For long endurance training, what needs to take place during the workout?
For long endurance training, what needs to take place during the workout?
You have a patient that needs to do a 30-minute workout which is high what should you recommend for fluids?
You have a patient that needs to do a 30-minute workout which is high what should you recommend for fluids?
You have someone that is a marathon runner, what should you give her help with for energy and carb?
You have someone that is a marathon runner, what should you give her help with for energy and carb?
An athlete requires higher calories in their performance lifestyle what nutrient should?
An athlete requires higher calories in their performance lifestyle what nutrient should?
It is essential by the sports, the role of sports nutritionists helps to have what part during nutrition?
It is essential by the sports, the role of sports nutritionists helps to have what part during nutrition?
Which dietary component should be MOST emphasized for a marathon runner to maximize glycogen stores before a race?
Which dietary component should be MOST emphasized for a marathon runner to maximize glycogen stores before a race?
A collegiate soccer player consistently experiences gastrointestinal discomfort during intense practices and games. Which initial dietary modification is MOST appropriate to assess?
A collegiate soccer player consistently experiences gastrointestinal discomfort during intense practices and games. Which initial dietary modification is MOST appropriate to assess?
An athlete is training at a high intensity and performing short sprints, what is the most effective fuel source to supply energy?
An athlete is training at a high intensity and performing short sprints, what is the most effective fuel source to supply energy?
Which of the following practices is LEAST likely to encourage optimal eating behaviors?
Which of the following practices is LEAST likely to encourage optimal eating behaviors?
What recommendation reflects optimal protein distribution to maximize muscle protein synthesis?
What recommendation reflects optimal protein distribution to maximize muscle protein synthesis?
Why should a sports RD understand federal physical activity Guidelines?
Why should a sports RD understand federal physical activity Guidelines?
Which level of dehydration is likely to cause higher internal body temperature?
Which level of dehydration is likely to cause higher internal body temperature?
Where might a RD see benefits while implementing consistent sports nutrition?
Where might a RD see benefits while implementing consistent sports nutrition?
What would be the top 3 areas to focus on for athletes with Vitamin D deficiency?
What would be the top 3 areas to focus on for athletes with Vitamin D deficiency?
Compared to adults, for what person do athletes need to increase support in?
Compared to adults, for what person do athletes need to increase support in?
Where in long endurance training, does the RD need to make sure is taking place?
Where in long endurance training, does the RD need to make sure is taking place?
What do you call problems in which an athlete cannot take in enough?
What do you call problems in which an athlete cannot take in enough?
What does a sports RD help with in cases where athletes have special eating instructions?
What does a sports RD help with in cases where athletes have special eating instructions?
Outside of the correct amount of vitamins, when else would you consider helping give athletes extra supplements?
Outside of the correct amount of vitamins, when else would you consider helping give athletes extra supplements?
Compared to just improving their health and eating normal, what other thing would cause an athlete to need a supplement?
Compared to just improving their health and eating normal, what other thing would cause an athlete to need a supplement?
Which part do you need to take a look at when you look at medication with an athlete?
Which part do you need to take a look at when you look at medication with an athlete?
What is one of the largest things you can teach a young competitor in?
What is one of the largest things you can teach a young competitor in?
Aside from how it fits in as part of the sports medicine team, what does being able to track each thing do for the team?
Aside from how it fits in as part of the sports medicine team, what does being able to track each thing do for the team?
What do you have to think about when an athlete gets their advice from popular influences?
What do you have to think about when an athlete gets their advice from popular influences?
What do you note when athletes are having problems and just not performing?
What do you note when athletes are having problems and just not performing?
Flashcards
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
Nitrogenous purine base, pentose sugar, and three phosphates.
Carbohydrate as Fuel
Carbohydrate as Fuel
Stored as glycogen in liver and muscle, predominates during high intensity exercise, and a oxygen-efficient fuel source.
Fats/Lipids as Fuel
Fats/Lipids as Fuel
Can only be completely oxidized during aerobic metabolism. Stored as triglycerides, not oxygen-efficient.
Motor Unit
Motor Unit
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Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin
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Myoglobin
Myoglobin
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Heart Rate
Heart Rate
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia
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Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume
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Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output
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VO2 Max
VO2 Max
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MET (Metabolic Equivalent)
MET (Metabolic Equivalent)
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Vitamin E function
Vitamin E function
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Design nutrition strategies
Design nutrition strategies
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Performance Diet
Performance Diet
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Energy input
Energy input
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Energy output
Energy output
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SMART Goal Characteristics
SMART Goal Characteristics
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Protein Intake Amounts
Protein Intake Amounts
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DSHEA Act
DSHEA Act
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Group A Supplements
Group A Supplements
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Group B supplements
Group B supplements
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Group D supplements
Group D supplements
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NSF Certified
NSF Certified
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Energy optimal available
Energy optimal available
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Fat-Free Mass (kg)
Fat-Free Mass (kg)
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Energy Deficiency In Sport
Energy Deficiency In Sport
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Treatment options
Treatment options
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Study Notes
Content Area 1: Exercise and Performance Nutrition
- 75 questions
- 1A Energy Metabolism: 26 questions
- Content 1B Fueling for Training and Competition: 26 questions
- Content 1C Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: 13 questions
- Content 1D Sports Foods and Supplements: 10 questions
1A: Energy Metabolism key areas
- Analyzing and interpreting available athletic performance and health data.
- Designing nutrition strategies for active individuals, applying energy metabolism principles.
- Explaining energy storage in skeletal muscle and tissues.
- Describing oxygen transport in exercise and training.
- Evaluating substrate use factors and exercise metabolism data.
- Assessing exercise-induced fatigue factors.
- Recount nutrition and exercise effects on health, performance.
- Explain carbohydrate, fat, protein, and amino acid use during exercise training, competition, recovery.
- Vitamin and mineral requirements for training/exercise.
- Potential risks of excessive vitamin/mineral supplementation.
- Antioxidant function in exercise, recovery, long-term adaptations.
- Describe the efficacy of vitamin and mineral supplementation on health and performance.
Energy currency of the cell
- Adenosine Triphosphate [ATP]: nitrogenous purine base, pentose sugar, and three phosphates
- Use: fuel for all processes within cells requiring energy
- Provides: energy to perform “work” results from the ATP releasing energy and activating muscle contraction through transferring the energy from ATP to the contractile elements in muscle [actin and myosin]
- Once used, ATP must be resynthesized to provide a continuous supply of energy
- Occurs from CP or creatine phosphate (also referred to as Pcr or Phospocreatine) through the phosphagen system, anaerobic glycolysis and aerobic metabolism Every muscle contraction requires ATP
- All metabolic systems work concurrently; contribution of each depends on demand and oxygen availability
Factors determining use of of Fuel Source
- Exercise intensity, duration, level of training, composition of diet.
Four Major Fuel Sources:
- Glycogen, plasma glucose, intramuscular triglycerides and plasma free fatty acids
- NOTE: amino acids from protein breakdown can be utilized but are conserved at all costs
ATP-PhosphoCreatine system
- PC is stored in skeletal muscle.
- Key part of the anaerobic system.
- Needed during high intensity and explosive movements.
- Rapid source of ATP but does not last for more than a few seconds at a time.
- PC Creatine Kinase Cr + Pi + Energy
Anaerobic glycolysis
- Only anaerobic fuel source is glucose
- Dietary intake
- Stored glycogen.
- Glucose is used in the first few minutes of continuous, intense activity via anaerobic glycolysis.
- 1 6C glucose 2 3C pyruvates
- Pyruvate converts to lactate Reduces enzyme activity for glycolysis
- Results in skeletal muscle fatigue
- Lactate enters the Cori Cycle.
Aerobic metabolism
- Also known as oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and is an energy efficient system
- Predominates during most endurance exercise
- Oxidation of glucose results in the formation of acetyl CoA in the presence of oxygen
- Acetyl CoA condenses with oxaloacetate and enters the Krebs cycle.
- Krebs cycle produces hydrogen molecules which get transported to the electron transport chain to generate ATP.
Muscular contraction: doing the work
- Motor unit=single nerve and the muscle fiber group that it innervates
- Muscle fiber=muscle cell
- Actin: thin filament in the myofibril
- Myosin: thick filament
- Type I muscle fiber: “slow twitch", aerobic endurance, use carbohydrate and fat through aerobic energy during low intensity activity
- Type II muscle fiber: “fast twitch", in use during high-intensity, anaerobic work with poor capacity for aerobic endurance; sub-types are Type IIA, IIX and IIC.
Cardiorespiratory System
- Controls ventilation for gas exchange and waste removal.
- Heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and VO2 max increase with exercise intensity and training.
- Hemoglobin transports oxygen.
- Myoglobin accepts oxygen from hemoglobin within muscle
- Heart rate: beats per minute; normal range 60-100 bpm
- Tachycardia: >100 bpm [increased over normal]
- Bradycardia: <60 bpm [decreased from normal]
- Stroke volume: blood volume per heart beat
- Cardiac output: heart rate X stroke volume; muscle demand is ≈15% of blood pumped during rest, increases to 80% during exercise
- VO2 max: mL x kg¯¹ x min¯¹; measures maximum rate of oxygen consumption.
Macronutrients
- must be oxidized to release energy of Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)
Carbohydrates
- Provides ATP during anaerobic and aerobic metabolism.
- Stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle.
- Predominates during high-intensity; also supplies fuel during endurance activity along with fat (protein to a lesser extent).
- Oxygen-efficient fuel source and produces ATP quickly.
Fat/Lipid
- Can only be completely oxidized during aerobic metabolism.
- Stored as triglyceride in the adipose tissue and muscle tissue.
- Not oxygen-efficient.
Crossover Concept
- At low intensity and rest, fat is used as a fuel source; at higher intensity, carbohydrate predominates.
Additional Notes
- Short term fatigue is results from muscle lactic acid build up
- Long term fatigue is a result of glycogen depletion
Daily needs carbs "in a nutshell"
- Low-intensity or skill based: 3-5 g/kg/day
- Moderate-intensity, ~60 minutes/day: 5-7 g/kg/day
- High-intensity, ~1-3 hours/day: 6-10 g/kg/day
- Very high-intensity, ~4-5 hours/day: 8-12 g/kg/day
Protein In a Nutshell
- Endurance: 1.2-1.4 g/kg/day
- Resistance/Strength-based: 1.6-2.0 g/kg/day
Loading
- Day 1 & 2: no training/rest day, 10-12 g/kg/day carbs
- Day 3: Event/Competition, same as the usual carb guidelines listed above for intake before, during and after competition
Fats
- Follow AMDR: 20-35% total energy from fat
- <10% saturated fat
- <1%trans-fat
- Emphasize mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fats [emphasize omega3s for the anti-inflammatory properties; examples of omega 3s are EPA & DHA].
Key micronutrients to consume
- Vitamin E
- Vitamin C
- Vitamin A/beta-carotene
- Selenium
- Iron
- B12
- B6
- Folate
- Vitamin K
- Calcim.
1b: Fueling for training and competition key areas
- Designing nutrition plans for individuals/groups, incorporating exercise-specific carbohydrate recommendations.
- Evaluating special considerations related to carbohydrates, fat intake, fat storage, and protein.
- Design nutrition plans with exercise-specific protein recommendations.
- Design nutrition strategies for pre/during/post-workout, competition, and recovery.
- Observing athletes for movement/energy expenditure/training patterns/fueling, hydration habits.
- Assessing products, foods, meals compliance with governing body guidelines.
Important note
- Always take clinical nutrition skills with you and incorporate The Nutrition Care Process!
Key Steps in Nutrition Management
- Step 1: Nutrition Assessment
- Step 2: Nutrition Diagnosis with PES
- Step 3: Nutrition Intervention
- Step 4: Monitoring and Evaluation
Remember
- Athletes should: consume 3 balanced meals and 2-3 snacks. Eat to support training.
- Focus on whole grains, fruits, vegetables ["eat the rainbow"], lean protein and healthy fats, not processed foods.
- Make intake for what they need: Rest Days, Easy Training & Weight Loss: Plate mostly fruits & vegetables, ¼ lean protein & ¼ healthy grains.
- Moderate Training: Balance all food groups about 1/3 of the plate
- Hard Training or Competition: ½ the plate healthy grains, ¼ lean protein, ¼ fruits & veggies
Water, Fluid, and Water Balance
- Human body must have adequate water, or dehydration effects can be felt in as little as 1-2% body weight
- Factors determining fluid needs: body size, metabolic rate, diet composition, duration, intensity, physiology, environmental temperature, fitness, and acclimation to heat
- Sodium as primary electrolyte lost stimulates thirst, palatability/less urination
- Human body has several different mechanisms for cooling including radiation, evaporative, conductive and convective
- Sources of water loss are from skin, urine, feces, sweat and the respiratory tract
- Goal of water volume is lighter pee and urination every 2-4hrs
- Sweat testing helps to determine an individuals losses
Fluid in a Nutshell
- Pre: eat and drink something ~2 hours before event
- During: Most important is stable blood glucose <30 Min: none
- 30-75 Min: water but water every 15 2 –5 hrs and over: need more water with carb
Symptoms of dehydration include
- Dark urine, small volume of urine: 1-3 adequately hydrated
- Elevated heart rate
- Headache
- Fatigue and difficulty concentrating
Alcohol and Athlete Performance challenges include
- diuretic causing dehydration/heat issues
- impairs intake after workout and decreases muscle building
Guidelines and Important Note
- Dietary ingredients: vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs/botanicals
- DSHEA defines under FDA "food" not a "drug”
- "Proprietary Blend" is a red flag
- Evaluations of effectiveness and safety are not evaluated prior to market and not required by manufacturer
- The NCAA sets the rules
Key Supplement points
- If it sounds too good to be true- don't
- Athlete must be is eating well and making adequate progress through exercise
- Be leery of athletes taking weight or muscle building supplements
- Creatine is not allowed and caffeine is regulated in NCAA athletes
For athletes, aim to consume:
- B12
- Vitamin D
- Electrolytes (Na, Cl, etc).
- Copper, Zinc and Manganese
High performance athletes
- Carbohydrate requirements increase during travel.
- Sports drinks should include B12 electrolytes such as sodium
Carbohydrate consumption rates during training should be as follows:
- Short: little needed
- 2-3 hrs medium
- Greater than 2.5 hrs high
Energy Balance
- Positive energy balance is achieved when calorie intake exceeds calorie expenditure.
- Negative energy balance is achieved when calorie expenditure exceeds energy intake.
SMART goals
- Specific
- Measurable
- Attainable
- Relevant
- Time
High-risk sports for body image issues include
- Boxing
- Wrestling
- Gymnastics
Key factors for body composition
- Eating Environment
- Stable access to food
- Hormones controlling hunger and satiety -Clinical issues impact ability to swallow -Mental disorders
Additional Information for Youth Athletes
- Nutrients of concern are Vitamin D, calcium and iron.
- Encourage youth to increase energy balance
- Discourage sweetened coffees and sports drinks
Additional Information for Master Athletes
- Increase fluid intake as thirst increases
An Energy Guide
- Low Intensity: Uses Fats.
- HIIT: uses carbs
Signs of overtrained include
- Reverse performance indicators with rest, training nutrition, hydration, and carbohydrates
Energy Intake Table
- Energy: Low energy expenditure. Carbohydrate: 3-5g/kg Protein: 1.2-1.7g/kg
2C: Special Populations
- Youth, Collegiate, Masters, Elite, Vegan/Vegetarian/Plant-based *Pregnancy/Lactation, Diabetes/Hypoglycemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Vitamin D deficiency, Immunity and injuries, Disabled/Paralympic
Eating Disorders officially in DSM-V
- Anorexia Nervosa AN
- Bulimia Nervosa BN
- Binge-eating disorder BED
- Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder ARFID
- Pica
Top treatment for eating diorders
- Cognitive Behavior Therapy
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