CSE2001: Introduction to Object Oriented Programming with C++

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Each object is responsible for a specific task, and the problem is solved by interfacing the objects.
• OOP reduces the complexity of program design, making it easy to maintain and upgrade.

Message Passing

• Message passing is a technique of communication between objects, making the interface with external systems easier.

C++

• C++ is an object-oriented programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T Bell lab, USA in the early eighties.
• C++ was developed from C and Simula 67 languages.
• C++ was initially called "C with classes".

Overview of C++ Language

• C++ is an incremental version of the C language, adding features of object-oriented programming.
• C++ is a structured (procedure) and object-oriented programming language.
• The file extension of a C++ program is ".CPP".
• Function overloading and operator overloading are possible in C++.
• Variables can be declared inline in C++.
• C++ gives more emphasis on data rather than procedures.
• Polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance are possible in C++.
• Data abstraction property is supported by C++.
• Data access is limited, and it can be accessed by providing various visibility modes for both data and member functions.

Introduction to Object-Oriented Approach

• Object-oriented programming combines data and functions into a single unit called objects.
• Classes are groups of objects that share common properties for data and program parts.
• Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including background details or explanations.
• Encapsulation is the wrapping up of data and functions into a single unit (called a class).
• Message passing involves specifying the name of the object, the name of the function (message), and information to be sent.

Applications of OOP

• Real-time systems
• Simulation and modeling
• Object-oriented databases
• Hypertext, hypermedia, and Expertext
• AI and expert systems
• Neural networks and parallel programming
• Decision support and office automation systems
• CIM/CAM/CAD systems

Benefits of OOP

• Reusability: programs and modules written by a user can be reused by other users without modification
• Inheritance: eliminates redundant code and extends the use of existing classes
• Hiding: data and functions can be hidden in a class from other classes, helping to build secure programs
• Reduced complexity of a problem: viewing a problem as a collection of different objects

Procedure-Oriented Programming

• Disadvantages:
  • Inability to reuse code
  • Does not model real-world problems well
• Characteristics:
  • Emphasis is on doing things (algorithm)
  • Large programs are divided into smaller programs known as functions
  • Most functions share global data
  • Data moves openly around the system from function to function
  • Functions transform data from one form to another
  • Employs a top-down approach in program design

Learn the principles of object-oriented programming and practice concepts and techniques to solve real-world problems. This course covers the basics of object-oriented approach with C++.