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Questions and Answers
What is the estimated number of people that can be lifted out of poverty by acquiring basic reading skills?
What is the projected outcome of lifting people out of poverty through basic reading skills?
What is the point of dispute in the statement about US army personnel in Iraq?
What is the point of dispute in the statement about recreational drugs?
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What is the reason given for not legalizing recreational drugs according to the passage?
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What is the underlying assumption in the statement about US army personnel in Iraq?
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What is the relationship between poverty reduction and basic reading skills?
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What is the category of dispute in the statement about recreational drugs?
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What is the underlying assumption in the statement about recreational drugs?
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What is the projected percentage of poverty reduction through basic reading skills?
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Study Notes
Categories of Disputes
- Points of dispute in arguments fall into four categories: fact, definition, value, and policy.
- Identifying the category helps organize thoughts and address audience skepticism effectively.
Dispute of Fact
- A dispute of fact arises when there is a conflict regarding what has occurred or is the case.
- Examples include:
- Comparing customer return rates month-to-month.
- Investigating health outcomes related to antibiotic use in children.
- Scientific inquiries such as reactions produced by specific chemical combinations or the existence of theoretical subatomic particles.
Dispute of Definition
- Occurs when a label or term is contested or interpreted differently.
- Example: Determining the criteria for defining sickness in children (e.g., based on viral load, doctor visits, or school absences).
- The context around definitions can introduce complexities in discussions.
Dispute of Value
- Involves judgments about the worth or quality of something.
- Example: Assessing the appropriateness of a certain business metric.
- Criteria need to be established, justified, and verified for the evaluation.
Dispute of Policy
- Centers on questions regarding the correctness of an action or approach.
- Recognizing the nature of a policy dispute can streamline the use of data to advocate for changes in established policies.
- Guides discussions on potential course of action or decision-making processes.
Exercises for Understanding Disputes
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Example 1: “The cat is on the mat.” vs “The cat is not on the mat.”
- Point of dispute: Fact.
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Example 2: “John has a new computer.” vs “No, he does not; his brother gave him his old one, which is at least three years old.”
- Point of dispute: Fact.
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Example 3: Discussion on large-scale projects boosting local business versus education increasing family earnings.
- Points may intersect between value and policy, requiring analysis of both perspectives.
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Description
Identify the correct categories of disputes, including fact, definition, value, and policy, to organize and strengthen your arguments. Learn how to classify points of dispute and make a case to win over a skeptical audience.
