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Critical Thinking and Conspiracy Theories - Thought Questions on Projection Bias
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Critical Thinking and Conspiracy Theories - Thought Questions on Projection Bias

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following biases is characterized by the false assumption that others share our motives?

  • Projection bias (correct)
  • Pattern-detection bias
  • Proportionality bias
  • Intentionality bias

    • Individuals with Machiavellian traits tend to exhibit which of the following biases?

  • Proportionality bias
  • Pattern-detection bias
  • Projection bias (correct)
  • Intentionality bias

    • Which of the following is a principle of critical thinking that could help overcome the projection bias?

  • Attribute patterns and coincidences to causal relationships
  • Assume that others share your motives and intentions
  • Assume that the size of the cause determines the size of the outcome
  • Examine the evidence for a claim and consider alternative explanations (correct)

    • Which bias involves the false assumption that a coincidence is causal in nature?

    <p>Pattern-detection bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle of critical thinking could help overcome the intentionality bias?

    <p>Be open to the possibility that others have different intentions than yours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the thought experiment about faking the moon landing, which bias is being highlighted?

    <p>Intentionality bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best explains the projection bias?

    <p>The tendency to assume others have the same beliefs and motivations as ourselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the experiment on projection bias, individuals with which personality trait were more likely to believe in conspiracy theories?

    <p>Machiavellian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intentionality bias?

    <p>The tendency to interpret ambiguous events as intentional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Karen Douglas experiment, what did higher ratings on the likert scale indicate?

    <p>A stronger tendency to see the world in terms of motives and intents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the proportionality bias?

    <p>The tendency to demand big explanations for big events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Rob Brotherton experiment, what did the tendency to interpret ambiguous sentences as intentional correlate with?

    <p>Belief in conspiracy theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example used to illustrate the pattern-recognition bias?

    <p>The Kanizsa Triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following experiments involved showing participants an animation of moving shapes?

    <p>The intentionality bias experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible reason for conspiracy theorists painting all events as intentional?

    <p>Failure to override intentionality biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following biases is NOT discussed in the text?

    <p>Confirmation bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to increase towel reuse in hotels?

    <p>Displaying signs that say 'most guests reuse their towels'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most influential word when trying to persuade someone?

    <p>Because</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about using fear as a tool of influence is correct?

    <p>Using fear is effective, but should be accompanied by a message on how to avoid fearful scenarios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to encourage voting?

    <p>Displaying signs that say 'many people like you voted'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in the brain when a person acts against the group or crowd?

    <p>Brain areas associated with pain and conflict are activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the effectiveness of the word 'because', even if the reasons provided are not great?

    <p>People are more likely to comply with requests that provide reasons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the conclusion drawn from the experiments where participants were shown noisy static patterns?

    <p>People are more likely to see meaningful visual patterns when they feel a lack of control over their circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the interpretation given for the "out-of-place" umbrella observed during the Kennedy Assassination?

    <p>Some thought it was a disguised gun that caused the assassination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following principles of critical thinking did Bari Weiss violate when criticizing Tulsi Gabbard?

    <p>Principle of Accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Tulsi Gabbard acknowledge regarding her previous anti-LGBT stances during a Democratic debate?

    <p>She acknowledged that her conservative, religious upbringing influenced her anti-LGBT opinions, but she has since reversed her stance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study on student learning mentioned in the text, which of the following factors did NOT contribute to variations in student learning?

    <p>The socioeconomic status of the students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the discussion on why incompetent men become leaders?

    <p>Exploring the impact of gender and personality on the choices of leaders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA) in the study on student learning?

    <p>It is a predictor of professional performance and student learning growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the text, which of the following statements about the relationship between gender and overestimating abilities is true?

    <p>Men are more likely than women to overestimate their abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main conclusion drawn from the observation that people tend to see meaningful patterns in noisy or meaningless data?

    <p>It demonstrates the human tendency to seek control over uncertain circumstances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main criticism regarding the impact of most leaders on their followers or subordinates?

    <p>Most leaders have a negative effect on their followers or subordinates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between competence and confidence?

    <p>There is a weak link between competence and confidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best describes the issue with our perception of charismatic individuals, according to the text?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective leaders?

    <p>Narcissism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true, according to the text, regarding the selection of women leaders?

    <p>Women tend to score higher than men on measures of competence, humility, and integrity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended approach for selecting good leaders?

    <p>Relying on intuition and job interviews</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the principle of social proof discussed in the text, which of the following statements is true?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of gift-giving?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Petrified Forest National Park example discussed in the text, what was the outcome when a sign implied that stealing from the forest was a common behavior?

    <p>Theft increased by 300%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the effectiveness of negative information versus positive information?

    <p>Negative information is more powerful than positive information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the firefighter training example discussed in the text, which of the following approaches resulted in better training for firefighters?

    <p>Showing examples of firefighters' mistakes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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