Criminological Theories Overview

<p>The opportunities available for committing offenses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relational dynamics among social institutions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sacrificing some rights for enhanced protection and order (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Criminal behavior is largely determined by social factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The immediate circumstances surrounding the crime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A doctor treating an illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combination of biological and psychological factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atavistic traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their research was poorly structured. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interconnectedness of biological and sociological factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Size and shape of heads, hands, and ears (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>What role does socioeconomic status play in crime? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A combination of biological factors and social conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They create subcultures that conflict with mainstream norms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theory of Delinquent Subcultures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access to legal methods of success (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participating in organized crime (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They actively reject these ideals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty in achieving accepted societal success. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conflict Gangs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Retreatist Gangs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To limit opportunities for potential criminals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Socioeconomic interventions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific deterrence strategies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Displacement of crime to other areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The threat of criminal punishment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>California's three strikes rule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insufficient deterrent effect on some offenders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Escalation of criminal activities in less monitored areas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left Realism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sex and gender (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic Predisposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abuse by capitalism and social class (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Depression (A), Borderline Personality Disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temporal lobe syndrome affected his mood regulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gender roles as social constructs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Restorative Justice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyberdeception and cybertheft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Difficulty in detecting crimes using traditional methods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A part of the internet that hides your identity and location (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>State political crimes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Altruistic beliefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Email and direct messages on social media (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cybertrespass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recorded harassment through social media (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political terrorism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to filter one's reality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A theory that views crime as a rational choice, where individuals weigh the potential benefits against the consequences.

The idea that people make choices based on a cost-benefit analysis, seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.

An agreement where individuals surrender some rights for social order and safety.

Criminological approach focusing on personal characteristics like choices, biology, or psychology to explain criminal behavior.

Criminological approach focusing on the environment and context surrounding a crime (e.g., group behavior, opportunities).

Criminological approach examining broader social factors (like social institutions & relationships between groups) to understand crime.

The idea that criminals make conscious, rational decisions about committing crimes.

The idea that laws defined as criminal, are legislation influenced by those in power.

Reducing crime by limiting opportunities for criminals through measures like improved security and monitoring.

Individuals who are willing and able to commit crimes.

The idea that crime is a choice people make, and they will weigh the potential benefits and risks.

Shifting of criminal activity to different locations due to crime prevention efforts.

Reducing crime by threatening punishment to prevent others from committing similar crimes.

Punishing known criminals to stop them from committing further offenses.

Crime prevention methods that restrict the ability of offenders to commit crimes, such as imprisonment.

Crime happens when there's opportunity: lack of guardians, easy targets, and motivated offenders.

Treating crime like a medical problem, by identifying and fixing social issues.

Explaining crime by looking at biological and psychological factors.

A criminal believed to be born with genetic predisposition to crime.

Developed the concept of the atavistic criminal.

Focuses on biological factors that might explain criminal behavior.

Explaining behavior through a combination of biological urges and social influences.

Recognizing that both biological and social factors influence behavior.

Methodological approach used by trait theories.

Explains how individuals in deprived areas reject mainstream values and form subcultures that clash with societal norms.

Lower-class youth experience frustration when they cannot achieve success through legitimate means.

Explains delinquent behavior as a rejection of middle-class values by lower-class youth who feel frustrated by their inability to succeed.

Everyone desires success and wealth, but access to opportunities varies, leading to crime when legal paths are blocked.

Organized groups in stable but low-income areas, engaging in crime for success.

Chaotic gangs in areas with limited opportunities, relying on violence.

Groups that have abandoned hope of achieving success and resort to drug use and isolation.

Clash between subcultural values and societal norms, leading to deviance.

The idea that many crimes, like theft, are about economic inequality and the ruling class protecting their interests.

Some crimes, like rape, involve gender and power dynamics that go beyond just class differences.

This theory argues that crime is a real concern for the working class, not just an issue of power abuse by the elite.

This theory focuses on how power dynamics and social resources shape crime, especially for women.

Sex is biological (male/female), while gender is socially constructed (masculine/feminine).

Factors like personal traits, family issues, cultural values, and substance abuse can contribute to violent behavior.

Some violent individuals may have personality disorders like depression or borderline personality.

Family issues like early parental deaths or abuse can increase the risk of violent behavior.

The trail of data you leave online, including your browsing history, social media activity, and online purchases.

Criminal activity that utilizes computers and the internet, including hacking, data theft, and online scams.

Repeated and intentional harm inflicted through online communication, such as harassment, insults, or threats.

A hidden part of the internet where users can communicate anonymously and engage in illegal activities.

Acts committed by governments to monitor and control citizens online, like surveillance or censorship.

Crimes motivated by political goals, such as overthrowing a government or influencing elections.

The use of computers and the internet to commit acts of terrorism, such as spreading propaganda or disrupting critical infrastructure.

Illegal actions that interfere with the electoral process, such as voter suppression or tampering with ballot results.

Terrorism committed by a government against its own citizens or against another country.

Terrorist acts committed to protect the environment, such as sabotage of logging operations or attacks on polluting industries.