Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the prefix 're' in the term 'research' indicate?
What does the prefix 're' in the term 'research' indicate?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of research?
In the context of criminological research, what is meant by 'comprehensive'?
In the context of criminological research, what is meant by 'comprehensive'?
What does 'valid' research mean?
What does 'valid' research mean?
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What is the primary purpose of research as defined in the content?
What is the primary purpose of research as defined in the content?
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What characteristic of research ensures that findings can be checked by others?
What characteristic of research ensures that findings can be checked by others?
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Which source of knowledge involves reliance on personal sensory experience?
Which source of knowledge involves reliance on personal sensory experience?
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What does 'empirical' research signify?
What does 'empirical' research signify?
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What are the four types of leadership skills being assessed for police investigators?
What are the four types of leadership skills being assessed for police investigators?
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In what aspect is the performance of police investigators primarily evaluated?
In what aspect is the performance of police investigators primarily evaluated?
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How significant is the relationship between the level of leadership skills and the performance of police investigators?
How significant is the relationship between the level of leadership skills and the performance of police investigators?
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What is NOT a characteristic of a well-defined research problem statement?
What is NOT a characteristic of a well-defined research problem statement?
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Which aspect does NOT directly relate to the performance evaluation of police investigators?
Which aspect does NOT directly relate to the performance evaluation of police investigators?
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What problem might police investigators encounter in handling crime incidents?
What problem might police investigators encounter in handling crime incidents?
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What is one of the measures suggested to enhance the performance of police investigators?
What is one of the measures suggested to enhance the performance of police investigators?
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Which assessment aspect relates to the evaluation of a pre-charge investigation report?
Which assessment aspect relates to the evaluation of a pre-charge investigation report?
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What is the primary purpose of defining key terms in a research problem?
What is the primary purpose of defining key terms in a research problem?
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Which type of definition is based on how a term will be used in a study?
Which type of definition is based on how a term will be used in a study?
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What do independent variables represent in research?
What do independent variables represent in research?
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What role does an intervening variable play in research?
What role does an intervening variable play in research?
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Which of the following best describes a moderator variable?
Which of the following best describes a moderator variable?
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How can researchers define key terms to avoid ambiguity?
How can researchers define key terms to avoid ambiguity?
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Why is it important to specify the variables in a study?
Why is it important to specify the variables in a study?
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Which classification of variables is described as a property that takes on different values?
Which classification of variables is described as a property that takes on different values?
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What is the main purpose of stating assumptions in research?
What is the main purpose of stating assumptions in research?
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Which statement characterizes a hypothesis in research?
Which statement characterizes a hypothesis in research?
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Which is NOT a function of formulating a hypothesis in research?
Which is NOT a function of formulating a hypothesis in research?
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What is a characteristic of a well-constructed hypothesis?
What is a characteristic of a well-constructed hypothesis?
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How should assumptions in a study be derived?
How should assumptions in a study be derived?
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What distinguishes the null hypothesis (H0) from the alternative hypothesis?
What distinguishes the null hypothesis (H0) from the alternative hypothesis?
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Which of the following is an assumption about the interpersonal values of inmates?
Which of the following is an assumption about the interpersonal values of inmates?
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What is one key aspect of a hypothesis that aids in research methodology?
What is one key aspect of a hypothesis that aids in research methodology?
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What does an alternative hypothesis (H1) indicate in research?
What does an alternative hypothesis (H1) indicate in research?
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Why is the null hypothesis commonly used in research?
Why is the null hypothesis commonly used in research?
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What is the primary purpose of a theoretical framework in research?
What is the primary purpose of a theoretical framework in research?
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In a cause-and-effect relationship, what role does the independent variable play?
In a cause-and-effect relationship, what role does the independent variable play?
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What does the dependent variable represent in a research study?
What does the dependent variable represent in a research study?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason for formulating a theoretical framework?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for formulating a theoretical framework?
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What type of variables can influence a research study?
What type of variables can influence a research study?
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What is a characteristic of a good research hypothesis?
What is a characteristic of a good research hypothesis?
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Study Notes
Meaning of Research
- Derived from the old French word "cerchier," meaning to seek or search.
- Combines the prefix "re" (to repeat) and "search" (to find), literally translating to "to repeat looking."
- Defined as a purposive, systematic, and scientific process for gathering, analyzing, and interpreting data to solve problems and expand knowledge for human life improvement.
Definition of Criminological Research
- A careful, systematic study aimed at discovering or establishing facts or causations of crime within criminology or criminal justice.
Characteristics of Research
- Systematic: Involves interrelated steps and procedures in problem solving.
- Objectives: Based on empirical evidence rather than guesswork.
- Comprehensive: Requires examining all aspects before drawing conclusions.
- Critical: Research must withstand detailed scrutiny from peers.
- Valid: Conclusions must reflect actual findings.
- Verifiable: Results can be checked for correctness by other researchers.
- Empirical: Generalizations are based on hard evidence from real-world observations.
Value of Research
- Knowledge can be obtained through:
- Expert Opinion: Insights from professionals like lawyers and doctors.
- Sensory Experience: Information acquired through the senses.
- Agreement with Others: Knowledge shared by friends, colleagues, and family.
Research Problems
- Focus on assessing police investigators’ leadership and operational skills, strategic skills, technical skills, and human skills.
- Investigate the performance of police in handling crime incidents across various variables such as investigation procedures and documentation.
- Identify problems faced by police investigators and recommend solutions for performance enhancement.
Stating the Research Problem
- Clearly state what you want to describe, explain, or predict.
- Ensure clarity in problem statement to guide the focus and direction of research.
- Identify key factors or variables.
Key Terms and Variables
- Key terms should be defined conceptually (expert definitions) or operationally (researcher-defined based on study context).
- Variables are characteristics that can take on different values and can be classified into independent, dependent, intervening, or moderating variables.
Assumptions and Hypotheses
- Assumptions are presupposed truths not needing proof but relevant to the problem.
- Hypothesis: A predictive statement answering the research problem, guiding data collection and ensuring objectivity.
- Hypotheses can be stated in null (no difference or relationship) or alternative forms (indicating expected relationships).
Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks
- Theoretical framework: Provides a structure supporting the study's theory, helping clarify the variables and guiding data collection and analysis.
- Independent variables are causes, while dependent variables are effects based on changes in the independent variable.
General Research Insight
- Ensuring study variables, problem definitions, and research frameworks contributes significantly to the overall integrity and direction of criminological research.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of criminological research, including its definition and purpose. You will learn about the systematic and scientific processes involved in gathering and analyzing data. Get ready to delve into the meaning of research and its significance in understanding criminal behavior.
