54 Questions
What is the term for the police decision-making power to make decisions with minimal legal requirements?
Discretion
Which term refers to processing accused young offenders by means other than youth court or adult justice system under the YCJA?
Extrajudicial measures
What practice is based on the philosophy that justice, rehabilitation, and reintegration are better served by keeping most people out of the formal justice system?
Diversion
What term refers to disproportionate minority police contact due to systematic inequalities in the justice system?
Differential treatment
Under the YOA, which programs are designed to prevent future crime and divert youth from the courts?
Alternative measures programs
What are factors affecting criminal or youth justice processing that are outside the jurisdiction of the law called?
Extralegal factors
What is the term for a justice model that focuses on repairing the harm caused by crime to offenders, victims, and communities?
Reconciliation
Which term refers to a system of criminal justice that focuses on punishing offenders rather than rehabilitating them?
Retributive justice
What concept describes the detrimental consequences of attaching negative labels to an individual's behavior?
Stigmatization
In conflict resolution, what is the term for involving a third party to assist parties with a grievance to reach a mutually agreeable solution?
Mediation
What do we call the tendency for policies aimed at reducing the number of people in the justice system to inadvertently increase the number of individuals under state control?
Net widening
When law enforcement surveillance activities show racial discrepancies beyond criminal activity, what term describes this phenomenon?
Racial profiling
What do youth justice committees assist with according to the text?
Assisting in the administration of the YCJA
In the context of law reform, what does 'neoliberal' refer to?
A form of government prioritizing performance indicators
What is the main focus of a peacemaking circle as per the text?
Resolving criminal conflicts using an alternative Aboriginal method
What is meant by 'crossover kids'?
Young persons transitioning between children's mental health or child welfare system and the youth justice system
What does the term 'hegemonic' relate to according to the text?
Belief systems about power differences and maintenance of interests of the powerful
What is the primary focus of law reform according to the text?
Changing laws through processes
What term describes a justice model that seeks to repair the harm caused by crime to offenders, victims, and communities?
Reparative justice
When policies aimed at reducing the number of people in the justice system inadvertently lead to more individuals under state control, what term describes this phenomenon?
Net widening
What do we call the process of involving a third party with professional skills to assist in resolving conflicts between two parties?
Mediation
In law enforcement, what term describes the situation where racial differences in surveillance activities are not fully explained by racial differences in criminal behavior or other legal factors?
Racial profiling
What concept refers to the detrimental consequences an individual faces due to having a negative label attached to their behavior?
Stigmatization
Which term describes a system of criminal justice that emphasizes punishing offenders rather than focusing on rehabilitation?
Retributive justice
What does 'extrajudicial measures' refer to under the YCJA?
Processing of accused young offenders by means other than youth court or adult justice system
What concept is defined as the police decision-making power with minimal legal requirements?
Discretion
What is the primary focus of diversion programs?
Preventing future crime and diverting youth from the courts
Which term refers to disproportionate minority police contact due to frequent criminal activity or involvement in serious crime?
Differential treatment
What do extrajudicial sanctions under the YCJA pertain to?
Specific sanctions and rules regarding formal diversionary programs
'Differential involvement' refers to disproportionate minority police contact due to what reasons?
Frequent criminal activity or involvement in serious crime
What is the primary focus of the transformative justice model?
Addressing social inequities that existed before a crime was committed
Which term refers to an alternative Aboriginal method of resolving criminal conflicts?
Peacemaking circle
What does the term 'peacemaking circle' refer to in the context of conflict resolution?
An Aboriginal method of resolving criminal conflicts
What does 'neoliberal' refer to in the context of governance?
Setting targets and performance indicators for program efficiency
What characterizes children and youth known as 'crossover kids'?
They have a history of movement from mental health or child welfare systems into the youth justice system
In the context of law, what are surveillance mechanisms primarily used for?
Tracking individuals and their behavior
What term describes policies that are intended to reduce the number of people in the justice system but unintentionally lead to more individuals under state control?
Net widening
Which concept refers to racial differences in law enforcement surveillance activities that cannot be fully explained by racial disparities in criminal activity or other relevant legal factors?
Racial profiling
What term describes a system of criminal justice that focuses on punishing offenders rather than rehabilitating them?
Retributive justice
In conflict resolution, what is the name for involving a third party to assist parties with a grievance to reach a mutually agreeable solution?
Mediation
Which term refers to the detrimental consequences for an individual who has a negative label attached to their behavior?
Stigmatization
What concept is based on the belief that a productive response to crime is encouraging affected parties to participate in conflict resolution?
Reconciliation
What term describes the system inequalities in the justice system or discriminatory practices by justice personnel, including the police?
Differential involvement
What refers to the police decision-making power to make decisions with minimal legal requirements?
Discretion
Under the YCJA, what is used when cases proceed to court and provide for specific sanctions and rules regarding the use of more formal diversion programs?
Extrajudicial sanctions
What practice is based on a philosophy that justice, rehabilitation, and reintegration are better served by keeping most people out of the formal justice system?
Diversion
What do extralegal factors refer to in criminal or youth justice processing?
Factors outside the jurisdiction of the law affecting processing
Which term refers to a variety of programs designed to prevent future crime and divert youth from the courts under the YOA?
Alternative measures
What is the primary focus of surveillance mechanisms as described in the text?
To monitor individuals for preventative purposes
What is the key characteristic of 'crossover kids' according to the text?
They move between mental health, child welfare, and youth justice systems
In the context of law reform, what does 'neoliberal' primarily prioritize?
Efficiency and cost-effectiveness through setting targets
What is the main goal of the transformative justice model according to the text?
To address the social inequities pre-crime
What is the primary purpose of a peacemaking circle in conflict resolution as mentioned in the text?
To resolve criminal conflicts through Aboriginal methods
'Hegemonic' belief systems primarily relate to which aspect as per the text?
Maintaining power differences in society
Test your knowledge on key terms and concepts related to alternative measures, differential involvement, and differential treatment in the criminal justice system. Topics covered include programs such as mediation to prevent crime, disproportionate minority police contact, and systematic inequalities in the justice system.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
