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Questions and Answers
What is the role of the appellant in the appeals process?
What does 'beyond a reasonable doubt' refer to in a criminal trial?
What does 'pretrial detention' mean?
Which of the following refers to money paid to a victim as part of a criminal sanction?
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What is the purpose of sentencing guidelines?
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What does 'En Banc' mean in the judicial context?
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Which of the following describes a bench warrant?
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What is a petition for a writ of certiorari?
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In the context of the criminal justice system, what does the term 'burden of proof' refer to?
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What does 'flat timed' mean in the context of sentencing?
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An appellant is the party that has won the court decision and wishes to maintain it.
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The standard of proof required to achieve a conviction in criminal court is called 'Beyond a Reasonable Doubt'.
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A bench warrant is issued through police action rather than by a judge.
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Pretrial detention occurs when a person is held in jail before trial due to not posting bail or being a flight risk.
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Oral arguments provide lawyers a chance to simplify their case's facts without answering any judges' questions.
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Restitution refers to money paid to the government as punishment for a crime.
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Sentencing guidelines are established by the United States Sentencing Commission to help trial judges determine sentences.
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En Banc refers to all judges of an appellate court hearing a case together.
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Bail is the act of releasing a person accused of a crime with no conditions attached.
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A monetary fine is a type of alternative punishment that can involve imprisoning the defendant.
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Study Notes
Appeal
- A request made by a party who lost in a lower court to a higher court to review the decision
- Usually, the appellant is seeking a reversal of the lower court's decision
Bail
- Release of a person from jail before trial, under specific conditions
- Conditions are designed to ensure the person appears in court as needed
Bench Warrant
- A type of arrest warrant issued by a judge, not by the police
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt (BRD)
- The legal standard for conviction in criminal court
- The prosecution must convince the jury that there is no other reasonable explanation for the crime except the defendant's guilt
Burden of Proof
- The responsibility to prove disputed facts
- In criminal cases, the burden of proof is on the prosecution
Criminal Justice Funnel
- An analogy to illustrate the large number of crimes committed and the relatively small number of people who are imprisoned
- The funnel represents the decrease in cases as they progress through the criminal justice system
En Banc
- French meaning "on the bench"
- All judges of an appellate court hear a case together, as opposed to a panel of three judges
Evidentiary Standard
- The legally required amount of evidence needed for a specific purpose in the criminal justice system
Flat Timed
- A prison term served in full without possibility of parole
Monetary Fine
- Punishment in the form of money paid to the government
Oral Argument
- Lawyers summarize their cases before the court and answer judges’ questions
Petition for a Writ of Certiorari
- A formal request to the Supreme Court to review a lower court decision
Pretrial Detention
- Detaining an accused person in jail before trial
- Because they did not post bail, or because they are a flight risk or pose a risk to the community
Probation Officer
- Conducts presentence investigations
- Prepares reports on convicted defendants
- Supervises released defendants
Restitution
- Money paid to the victim of a crime as part of the criminal sanction
Sentence
- The punishment given by the court to a convicted defendant
Sentencing Guidelines
- Rules and principles established by the U.S Sentencing Commission that judges use for sentencing
Trial
- A formal process where evidence is examined before a judge
- To determine if a defendant is guilty
United States Circuit Courts
- Historical name for the United States Courts of Appeal
United States Sentencing Commission
- The agency responsible for establishing sentencing policies and procedures in the federal court system
Appeal
- A request to a higher court to review a lower court's decision
- The party making the request is called the Appellant
- The Appellant usually aims to overturn the lower court's decision
Bail
- Temporary release of a person accused of a crime before trial
- Ensures accused person appears in court by setting specific conditions
Bench Warrant
- An arrest warrant issued by a judge, not through police action
Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
- The legal standard of proof required for a criminal conviction
- The prosecution must convincingly demonstrate guilt beyond a reasonable doubt
Burden of Proof
- The party's responsibility to provide evidence supporting their claims
Criminal Justice Funnel
- An analogy showing that although many crimes occur, few result in prison sentences
En Banc
- A hearing where all judges of an appellate court participate
- This is the full court as opposed to the usual panels of three judges
Evidentiary Standard
- The amount of evidence needed to achieve a specific outcome in criminal justice
Flat Timed Sentence
- A prison term served in full without parole eligibility
Monetary Fine
- A financial penalty paid to the government as punishment for wrongdoing
Oral Argument
- Opportunity for lawyers to summarize their case before the court and answer the judges' questions
Petition for a Writ of Certiorari
- A formal request to the Supreme Court to review a lower court's decision
Pretrial Detention
- Holding an accused person in jail before trial
- This occurs because they did not post bail or are considered a flight risk or community danger
Probation Officer
- Conducting presentence investigations
- Preparing reports on convicted defendants
- Supervising defendants who are released
Restitution
- Monetary payment made to the victim of a crime as part of the criminal sanction
Sentence
- Punishment imposed by a court for a convicted defendant
Sentencing Guidelines
- Rules and principles used by trial judges to determine sentences for convicted defendants
Trial
- Formal examination of evidence before a judge to determine guilt
United States Circuit Courts
- Former name for the United States Courts of Appeal
United States Sentencing Commission
- Agency responsible for establishing sentencing policies and procedures for the federal court system
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in the criminal justice system, including appeal, bail, bench warrant, and beyond a reasonable doubt. This quiz covers essential terms that are fundamental in understanding legal proceedings and the justice process.
