Criminal Justice Systems Overview

Electronic monitoring = A supervision strategy that uses electronic technology to track offenders. House arrest = Confined to their homes with electronic monitoring to ensure compliance. Shock probation = The practice of allowing inmates to apply for probationary release unexpectedly. Caseload = The number of probation or parole clients assigned to one officer for supervision.

Prison = A state or federal confinement facility with authority over adults. Industrial prison = A correctional model that utilizes the labor of inmates. Hawkins Act = Federal legislation restricting interstate commerce in prison-made goods. Work release program = A prison program allowing inmates temporary community release for job responsibilities.

Martinson's view = The belief that correctional treatment programs have little rehabilitative success. Total institution = An enclosed facility where inhabitants share all aspects of daily life. Technical violations = Failures to adhere to the specific terms of probation or parole. Community corrections = Alternatives to incarceration that involve supervision in the community.

<p>Probation = A court-imposed sanction suspending the offender's sentence. Parole = The conditional release of an inmate before the completion of their sentence. Reentry programs = Support services to help released offenders reintegrate into society. Recidivism = The tendency of previously incarcerated individuals to relapse into criminal behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rehabilitation = Programs aimed at reforming offenders to prevent future crimes. Deterrence = Using punishment to discourage future violations. Incapacitation = Removing offenders from society to protect the public. Restorative justice = A system focused on rehabilitating offenders through reconciliation with victims.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juvenile Justice System = The aggregate of government agencies that function to investigate, adjudicate, and care for youth offenders Delinquent = Individuals charged with or adjudicated for law violations Parens Patriae = A principle allowing the state to assume parental role for delinquent juveniles Just Deserts Model = A contemporary model of imprisonment based on the principle of just deserts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GPS tracking = Real-time location monitoring of offenders. Curfew restrictions = Specific times when the offender must remain at home. Alarm system = Alerts authorities if an offender violates their monitored zone. Data reporting = Regular submissions of compliance data to probation officers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Probation officer = Supervises individuals on probation and ensures compliance. Parole officer = Monitors released inmates on parole conditions. Correctional counselor = Provides therapy and support to inmates. Warden = The chief administrative officer of a prison facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Design Capacity = The number of inmates a prison was intended to hold Operational Capacity = The size of the correctional population an institution can effectively hold Rated Capacity = The number of inmates a prison can accommodate based on management considerations Expert Judgment Capacity = The number of inmates a prison can handle according to the judgment of experts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selective Incapacitation = A policy seeking to protect society by incarcerating the most dangerous individuals Risk Assessment = A system used to assign inmates to custody levels based on various factors Inter-jurisdictional Jail = A jail built and run using combined resources of various local jurisdictions Private Prison = A correctional institution operated by a private firm on behalf of the government</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Due process = The legal requirement that the state must respect all legal rights. Double jeopardy = The prosecution of a person twice for the same offense. Sentencing guidelines = A framework for judges to determine appropriate punishment. Mitigating circumstances = Factors that may lessen the severity of the punishment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deinstitutionalization = The policy of non-intervention with regard to prison management. Delinquency petition = A document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is delinquent. Blackness = The condition of being black encompassing all that it means to be black in America. Status offender = A child who commits an act that is contrary to the law by virtue of the offender's status as a child.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Security threat group = An inmate group that poses a threat to the safety of correction staff. Juvenile offender = Youth who have entered both the child welfare and juvenile justice system. Abused child = A child who has been physically, sexually, or mentally abused. Child beyond control = A child who is beyond parental control, refusing to obey authorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juvenile Court Jurisdiction = The court system that handles cases involving youth offenders Abandonment = A situation in which a juvenile is left without care from natural parents Custodial Care = The care provided to juveniles by the state when natural parents cannot fulfill their role Delinquency = Criminal behavior or law violations committed by juveniles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juvenile conduct = Actions or conduct in violation of criminal law by minors. Complaint process = Formalized arrangement for addressing inmate conditions. Risky behaviors = Conduct that can lead to criminal activity among youths. Institutionalized juveniles = Youth placed in correctional facilities for their actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rehabilitation = Programs aimed at reintegrating offenders into society Deterrence = An approach to prevent crime by imposing penalties Recidivism = The tendency of formerly incarcerated individuals to return to criminal behavior Diversion Programs = Alternatives to incarceration for juvenile offenders</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Boot Camps = Short-term programs focused on military-style discipline Halfway Houses = Community-based settings for transitioning offenders Detention Centers = Facilities for juveniles awaiting trial or sentencing Wilderness Therapy Programs = Alternative settings using outdoor activities for rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Juvenile court = A court that assumes jurisdiction over delinquent minors. Gang-related behavior = Criminal actions involving organized inmate groups. Non-intervention = A historical policy of limited court involvement in prison management. Youthful indiscretion = Minor misdeeds committed by children that are not serious offenses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Status offenses = Offenses that can only be adjudicated in juvenile court. Formal complaint = Means for institutionalized individuals to report inmate conditions. Dangerous gangs = Groups that prey upon other inmates in correctional facilities. Juvenile actions = Behavior of youths that transgress the law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimum Security = Facilities that house non-violent offenders with low escape risk Medium Security = Facilities that offer a balance between punishment and rehabilitation Maximum Security = Facilities designed to house the most dangerous and violent offenders Supermax Facilities = Highly secure facilities for inmates deemed extremely dangerous</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correctional Officer = An individual responsible for supervising inmates Probation Officer = A person who supervises offenders placed on probation Parole Officer = An individual overseeing the transition of parolees back into society Court Appointed Advocate = A representative for juveniles in legal proceedings</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safety concerns = Issues arising from inmate gang activities. Rights of minors = Legal provisions that protect juvenile individuals in court. Inmate behavior assessment = Evaluating the actions of inmates for behavioral trends. Juvenile delinquency = Criminal acts committed by young individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rehabilitation = The process aimed at reintegrating juvenile offenders into society. Over-incarceration = The excessive imprisonment of young individuals. Parole = The conditional release of prisoners before the end of their sentence. Recidivism = The tendency for previously incarcerated individuals to re-offend.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Criminal misconduct = Acts declared offenses only when committed by juveniles. Influence of peers = Pressure from peers that can lead to juvenile delinquency. Child neglect = Failure to provide proper care and supervision for children. Behavioral assessments = Evaluations conducted to determine a child's risk of offending.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bail = The release of accused person from custody based on a promise to appear in court Initial Appearance = An appearance before a magistrate to assess the legality of arrest Bail Bond = A document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court Secured Bail = The setting of bail in the form of tangible property</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deterrence = The use of imprisonment to prevent future offenses Retribution = The act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator Community Courts = Specialized courts that reduce recidivism using judicial oversight Rehabilitation = Efforts to integrate offenders back into society and promote positive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bail Conditions = Terms set forth for the release of an accused individual Pretrial Hearing = Assessment of the legality of the defendant's arrest Cash Bail = Bail paid in cash as a promise to appear in court Diversion Programs = Programs designed to assist offenders through rehabilitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prosecution = The legal party responsible for presenting the case against an accused Defendant = An individual accused of committing a crime Victim Impact Statement = A statement that describes the effect of a crime on the victim Plea Bargain = An agreement where a defendant pleads guilty for a lighter sentence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unsecured Bail = No upfront payment but a promise to pay if conditions are violated Cash Bail = Bail that must be paid in full directly to the court Surety Bond = Bail obtained through a bail bondsman guaranteeing appearance Property Bond = Bail secured using the value of property instead of cash</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arraignment = The formal reading of charges against a defendant Bail Hearing = A court proceeding to determine bail conditions Trial = A legal process where the guilt or innocence of a defendant is determined Sentencing Hearing = The stage where penalties are assigned to convicted individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deterrence = Discouraging criminal behavior through fear of punishment Incapacitation = Removing offenders from society to prevent further crimes Rehabilitation = Attempting to reform the offender to prevent future offenses Restitution = Reparation made by the offender to the victim or community</p> Signup and view all the answers