CJ 101 Final Exam PDF

1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the release of accused person from custody, for all or part of the time before or during prosecution on his or her promise to appear in court when required. 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_...

1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the release of accused person from custody, for all or part of the time before or during prosecution on his or her promise to appear in court when required. 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_an appearance before a magistrate during which the legality of the defendant's arrest is initially assessed and the defendant is informed of the charges of which he or she is being held. 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_a document guaranteeing the appearance of a defendant in court as required and recording the pledge of money or property to be paid to the court if he or she does not appear, which is signed by the person to be released and anyone else acting on his or her behalf. 4. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the setting of bail in the form of land, houses, stocks, or other tangible property. 5. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_is a law intended to prevent the pretrial release of a criminal defendant judge to represent a danger to others in the community. 6. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority. 7. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit further offenses. 8. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator. 9. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the act of relapsing into a problem or a criminal behavior during or after sanctions or while undergoing intervention due to a previous behavior or crime. 10. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_a goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim and the community whole again. 11. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- specialized courts that help reduce recidivism and improve public safety through the use of judicial oversight to apply graduated sanctions and positive reinforcement, to marshal resources to support the prisoner's reintegration, and to promote positive behavior by the returning prisoner. 12. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- a supervision strategy that uses electronic technology to track offenders who have been sentenced to house arrest or who have been ordered to limit their movements while completing a sentence involving probation or parole. 13. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- house arrest. Individuals ordered confined to their homes are sometimes monitored electronically to ensure they do not leave during the hours of confinement. Absence from the home during working hours is often permitted. 14. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- the practice of sentencing offenders to prison, allowing them to apply for probationary release, and surprisingly permitting such release. Offenders who receive shock probation may not be aware that they will be released on probation and may expect to spend a much longer time behind bars. 15. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_- the number of probation or parole clients assigned to one probation or parole officer for supervision. 16. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: A state or federal confinement facility that has custodial authority over adults sentenced to confinement.** 17. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: A correctional model intended to capitalize on the labor of convicts sentenced to confinement.** 18. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: Federal legislation of 1935 that effectively ended the industrial prison era by restricting interstate commerce in prison-made goods.** 19. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: A prison program through which inmates are temporarily released into community to meet job responsibilities.** 20. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: The belief, popularized by Robert Martinson in the 1970's, that correctional treatment programs have had little success in rehabilitating offenders.** 21. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_an enclosed facility separated from society both socially and physically, where the inhabitants share all aspects of their daily lives. 22. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the value and behavioral patterns characteristics of prison inmates. 23. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_an inmate group, gang, or organization whose members act together to pose a threat to the safety of correction staff or the public, who prey upon other inmates, or who threaten the secure and orderly operation of a correctional institution. 24. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_a policy of non-intervention with regard to prison management that US courts tend to follow until the 1960s. 25. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_it formalized arrangement, usually involving a neutral hearing board, whereby institutionalized individuals have the opportunity to register complaints about the conditions of their confinement. 26. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a document filed in juvenile court alleging that a juvenile is delinquent, a status offender, or a dependent and asking that the courts assume jurisdiction over the juvenile. 27. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** the condition of being black encompassing all that it means to be black in America. 28. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** youth who have at some point formally entered both the child welfare and juvenile justice system. 29. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a child who commits an act that is contrary to the law by virtue of the offender\'s status as a child. 30. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** and act of conduct that is declared by statue to be an offense, but only when committed by or engaged in by a juvenile and that can be adjudicated only by a juvenile court. 31. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a child who has been physically, sexually, or mentally abused. 32. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a child who is beyond parental control, as evidenced by his or her refusal to obey legitimate authorities, such as school officials and teachers. 33. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** in the broadest usage, juvenile actions or conduct in violation of criminal law, juvenile status offenses, and other juvenile behavior. 34. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** the aggregate of government agencies that function to investigate, supervised, adjudicate, care for, or confine youth offenders and other children subject to the jurisdiction of juvenile court. 35. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** who are charged with or adjudicated for law violations. 36. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** a common law principle that allows the state to assume a parental role and to take custody of a juvenile when he or she becomes delinquent, is abandoned, or is in need of care that natural parents are unable or unwilling to provide. 37. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: A contemporary model of imprisonment based on the principle of just deserts.** 38. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: The number of inmates a prison was intended to hold when it was built or modified.** 39. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: The size of the correctional population an institution can effectively hold.** 40. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: The number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based on management considerations.** 41. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: The number of inmates a prison can handle according to the judgement of experts.** 42. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: A policy that seeks to protect society by incarcerating individuals deemed to be the most dangerous.** 43. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: A system used by prison administrators to assign inmates to custody levels based on offense history, assessed dangerousness, perceived risk of escape and other factors.** 44. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: A jail that is built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions.** 45. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: A correctional institution operated by a private firm on behalf of local, state, or federal government.** 46. **\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: The movement toward the wider use of private prisions.** 47. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the process of negotiating an agreement among the defendants, the prosecutor, and the court as to an appropriate plea and associated sentence in a given case. 48. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_in criminal proceedings, the defendant\'s formal answer in court to the charge contained any complaint, information, or indictment that he or she is guilty of the offense charged is not guilty of the offense charge or does not contest the charge. 49. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_court rules that govern the admissibility of evidence at a criminal hearing and trials. 50. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority.