Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is adjudication?
What is adjudication?
The process of determining whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty.
What does arrest mean?
What does arrest mean?
The physical taking of a person into custody on the grounds that probable cause exists to believe they have committed a criminal offense.
What is discretion in the context of the criminal justice system?
What is discretion in the context of the criminal justice system?
The authority to make decisions without reference to specific rules or facts, using one's own judgment.
What is discrimination?
What is discrimination?
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What does disparity refer to in the criminal justice context?
What does disparity refer to in the criminal justice context?
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What is a dual court system?
What is a dual court system?
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What is meant by an exchange in criminal justice?
What is meant by an exchange in criminal justice?
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What is Federalism?
What is Federalism?
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What is the filtering process in criminal justice?
What is the filtering process in criminal justice?
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What is an indictment?
What is an indictment?
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What is the purpose of an information document?
What is the purpose of an information document?
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What is a plea bargain?
What is a plea bargain?
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What is a system?
What is a system?
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What is a warrant?
What is a warrant?
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What are the goals of the criminal justice system?
What are the goals of the criminal justice system?
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How is the administration of criminal justice a system?
How is the administration of criminal justice a system?
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What are the 13 steps in the criminal justice decision-making process?
What are the 13 steps in the criminal justice decision-making process?
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Why is the criminal justice system wedding cake a better depiction of reality?
Why is the criminal justice system wedding cake a better depiction of reality?
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What is the challenge of criminal justice in a multicultural society?
What is the challenge of criminal justice in a multicultural society?
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Study Notes
Key Terms and Definitions
- Adjudication: Process of determining a defendant’s guilt or innocence.
- Arrest: Taking an individual into custody based on probable cause of a criminal offense; only reasonable force is permitted, aimed at holding the accused for court proceedings.
- Discretion: Authority to make decisions based on personal judgment rather than strict rules, allowing for individualized justice.
- Discrimination: Differential treatment based on race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or economic status rather than individual behavior or qualifications.
- Disparity: Unequal treatment of demographic groups within the criminal justice system compared to others.
- Dual Court System: Separate judicial system for each state alongside a national court system, with cases tried in the jurisdiction where laws were allegedly broken.
- Exchange: A mutual transfer of resources where the balance of benefits and deficits influences decisions about alternatives.
- Federalism: Government system dividing power between central (national) and regional (state) authorities.
- Filtering Process: Screening process by criminal justice officials that advances some cases while discarding others.
- Indictment: Document from a grand jury charging an individual with a crime based on probable cause.
- Information: Document charging an individual with a crime, prepared by a prosecuting attorney for a preliminary hearing.
- Plea Bargain: Agreement where a defendant pleads guilty with the expectation of a lesser penalty or reduced charges.
- System: A complex entity made up of interdependent parts working toward shared goals and affected by environmental factors.
- Warrant: Court order permitting police to arrest suspects or search premises.
Goals and Processes
- Goals of the Criminal Justice System: Focus on achieving justice, controlling crime, and preventing future criminal activities.
- Criminal Justice as a System: Coordination of various organizations working together ensures the administration of justice functions effectively.
Criminal Justice Decision-Making Process
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Thirteen Steps:
- Investigation
- Arrest
- Booking
- Charging
- Initial appearance
- Preliminary hearing/Grand jury
- Indictment/Information
- Arraignment
- Trial
- Sentencing
- Appeal
- Corrections
- Release
Models of Justice
- Wedding Cake Model: More accurately represents the criminal justice system by highlighting variations in case treatment based on unique circumstances, unlike the simplistic 13-step model.
Challenges in a Multicultural Society
- Racial Equality in Justice: Addressing disparities in sentencing and arrest practices across different racial and ethnic groups remains a significant challenge for the criminal justice system.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key terms related to crime and the criminal justice system with these flashcards from Chapter 3. This quiz covers important concepts like adjudication and arrest. Perfect for students studying law or criminal justice.
