Criminal Justice System Basics

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mandate of the Philippine National Police (PNP)?

To enforce criminal laws and maintain peace and order (correct)

To prosecute crimes and determine punishments

To investigate crimes and gather evidence

To correct criminal behavior and rehabilitate offenders

What is the purpose of the Criminal Justice System?

To deter crimes and rehabilitate offenders

To enforce laws and regulations

To protect life and property and maintain peace and order (correct)

To punish all criminals and maintain social order

What is the role of the police in the Criminal Justice System?

To enforce laws and regulations

To prosecute crimes and determine punishments

To correct criminal behavior and rehabilitate offenders

To initiate the action that other pillars must act upon (correct)

What is the term used to describe when the police selectively enforces criminal law for various reasons?

Rationing Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the management of minor offenses and neighborhood disorders?

Order maintenance Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the law that established the Philippine National Police (PNP)?

R.A 6975 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the first component of the justice system to deal with the commission of the crime?

Police Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe a form of entrapment in legal and police parlance?

Buy-bust operation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a kind of bail bond?

Life Insurance Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of the fee charged by a bail bond agent?

10-20% Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Provincial or City Prosecutor during a preliminary investigation?

To determine whether there is sufficient ground to engender a well-founded belief Signup and view all the answers

What is the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan?

Criminal and civil cases involving public officers and employees Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an arraignment?

To formally charge the accused with the crime Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Judge in the court?

To give the final judgement Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a pre-trial?

When the accused pleads not guilty at the arraignment Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the Court of Appeals?

One presiding justice and 68 associate justices Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Criminal Justice System

A machinery of the state or government that enforces rules of conduct necessary to protect life and property, and maintain peace and order.
Involves law enforcement, adjudication, and correction.

Key Components of Criminal Justice System

Law Enforcement: investigates and apprehends criminals, considered the "initiator" or "prime-mover" of the Criminal Justice System.
Prosecution: handles criminal actions, under the Department of Justice (DOJ).
Court: composed of regular civil courts, including Shari'a District & Circuit Courts, Regional Trial Courts, and the Sandiganbayan.
Corrections: handles punishment and rehabilitation of offenders.
Community: involved in maintaining peace and order.

Law Enforcement

Led by the Philippine National Police (PNP) under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).
Established by the enactment of R.A. 6975 (DILG Act of 1990) and reorganized by R.A. 8551 (The Philippine National Police Reform Act of 1998) in 1998.
PNP has the primary mandate to perform police functions under the Constitution.
Involved in order maintenance, managing minor offenses and neighborhood disorders.

Prosecution

Conducted by the Public Attorney's Office (PAO) under the Department of Justice (DOJ).
Involves preliminary investigation to determine whether there is sufficient ground to engender a well-founded belief.
Authorized officers to conduct preliminary investigation include Provincial or City Prosecutors, National and Regional State Prosecutors, and others authorized by law.

Bail and Court Proceedings

Bail is the security given for the release of a person in custody, guaranteeing their appearance before a court as required.
Kinds of bail bond include Property, Cash, Corporate Surety, and Recognizance.
Bail bond agents charge 10-20% of the total bail as a fee.
Judge is the person authorized to give the final judgment.
Jurisdiction refers to the authority of the court to hear and try a particular offense and impose punishment.
Venue refers to the place, location, or site where the case is to be heard on its merits.

Court Hierarchy

Court of Appeals was established on February 1, 1936, and composed of one presiding justice and 68 associate justices.
Supreme Court exercises original jurisdiction.

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Description

Learn about the criminal justice system, its components, and how it operates to maintain peace and order in society. Understand the concepts of crime and the role of law enforcement, adjudication, and correction.