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Questions and Answers
What is the term for a non-violent criminal offense committed during the course of business for financial gain?
What is the term for a non-violent criminal offense committed during the course of business for financial gain?
White Collar Crime
What is the name for the system of law enforcement where police officers are dispatched to patrol a specific area and respond to calls for service?
What is the name for the system of law enforcement where police officers are dispatched to patrol a specific area and respond to calls for service?
Watchman style policing
What is the name of the system of law enforcement that focuses on strict enforcement of the law by writing tickets, making arrests, and encouraging victims to sign complaints?
What is the name of the system of law enforcement that focuses on strict enforcement of the law by writing tickets, making arrests, and encouraging victims to sign complaints?
Legalistic style policing
What system of law enforcement focuses on providing services and support to the community, with discretion used when appropriate?
What system of law enforcement focuses on providing services and support to the community, with discretion used when appropriate?
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What are the three criteria that determine which behaviors are considered criminal?
What are the three criteria that determine which behaviors are considered criminal?
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What is the term for the principle that requires courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on similar cases?
What is the term for the principle that requires courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on similar cases?
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What is the term for the collection of potential evidence by police officers in a criminal case?
What is the term for the collection of potential evidence by police officers in a criminal case?
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The "eye-for-an-eye" philosophy is a modern legal principle used in contemporary legal systems around the world.
The "eye-for-an-eye" philosophy is a modern legal principle used in contemporary legal systems around the world.
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Which of the following is NOT a primary objective of the Crime Control Model?
Which of the following is NOT a primary objective of the Crime Control Model?
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What is the core of police officers' occupation?
What is the core of police officers' occupation?
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The rule of law in the context of criminal justice means that the government can punish individuals without adhering to clear, fair, and defined rules and procedures.
The rule of law in the context of criminal justice means that the government can punish individuals without adhering to clear, fair, and defined rules and procedures.
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Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Watchman Style of Policing?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of the Watchman Style of Policing?
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What are the three elements that make up the crime under corpus delicti?
What are the three elements that make up the crime under corpus delicti?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the "Bill of Rights" as outlined in the US Constitution?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the "Bill of Rights" as outlined in the US Constitution?
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What is the term for a document that accounts for the effects of a crime on the victim's family or others and is given by the victim?
What is the term for a document that accounts for the effects of a crime on the victim's family or others and is given by the victim?
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The "Twinkie Defense" is a legal strategy that seeks to shift the blame for a crime from the defendant to external factors.
The "Twinkie Defense" is a legal strategy that seeks to shift the blame for a crime from the defendant to external factors.
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Study Notes
Crime and Criminal Justice
- Social control consists of rules, habits, and customs a society uses to enforce conformity to norms. A chaotic society without any control would be dangerous.
- Crime is a violation of laws within a society.
- Justice involves administering punishment or rewards in accordance with the morals of a society.
- Criminal Justice is a system aimed at controlling crime through detection, detention, adjudication, and punishment or rehabilitation. This system is constantly evolving.
- Sociological imagination is the idea that one should look beyond the obvious to understand one's social location (age, gender, social class, etc.) and the impact it has on perceptions of society.
- The CJ System involves numerous agencies at various governmental levels.
- When a law is broken, the system responds, considering society's needs rather than individual needs.
- Law enforcement, courts, and corrections are core components of the system.
- Cases begin with contact with law enforcement, followed by courts to determine guilt and sentence the guilty parties.
- Courts make decisions on whether to move the case to the next step based on the available evidence.
- Law enforcement initiates contact with the suspect and gathers evidence, preserves crime scenes, and interviews.
Types of Crime
- Wedding Cake Model: Crime categories are ranked in levels of importance based on the severity of the crime. Top layer includes major crimes like murder, while lower layers include misdemeanors like traffic violations.
- Corporate Crime: Violations by corporations or company officials.
- White Collar Crime: Non-violent criminal offenses performed during business hours for financial gain.
- Street Crime: Small-scale personal criminal offenses that people are more familiar with (Ex. robbery, assault).
How Crime is Measured and Who it Affects
- The dark figure of crime is the difference between reported crimes and the total number of crimes committed.
- Crimes are often not reported for varied reasons (fear of reprisal, triviality, etc.).
- Crime is measured using data like the Uniform Crime Report and National Crime Victimization Survey.
How Crime Is Measured: Problems
- Logistical obstacles to effectively and efficiently measuring crime: problems with: definition (varies in jurisdictions); resources (resource differences among institutions); and politics (political influence on reported data).
Victims of Crime
- Victims of crime can be direct or indirect (like family members of a victim).
- Victims have various needs, including safety, support, information, continuity, voice, and justice.
Types, Ideas, and Stereotypes of Crime Victims
- Crime victims are sometimes seen as completely innocent and unaware of their contribution to their victimization.
- Victims may play a role in the crime.
- Different types of victims, like the innocent victim, guilty victim, guilty-but-mentally-ill victim, or imaginary victim, exist. Understanding these types requires looking at the possible roles of the victim and offender in the crime.
Structure and Organization of Policing
- Early policing in England and its impact on the U.S.
- Policing in the US (historical development and policing in the US):
- Three Policing Styles (Watchman, Legalistic, and Service).
- Community Policing.
- Problem-Oriented Policing.
- Zero-Tolerance Policing
- Requirements involved in becoming a police officer: Education, Training, and Age Requirements.
- What qualities are expected of police officers: -Visibility; Authority; Patrol; Investigate; Traffic Enforcement; Peacemaking; Order Maintenance
- Police Discretion.
- Police Departments Organization.
US Constitution and Law
- The Bill of Rights (first 10 amendments).
- The concept of rule of law
- Code of Hammurabi
- Magna Carta
- US state and local laws and statutes
- Case law (precedents - previously decided cases)
- Administrative rules
- Substantive law describes behaviors considered criminal.
- Procedural law describes the process of dealing with those who break the law
- Substantive vs. procedural law
- Classifications of crimes.
- Actus reus (criminal act) and mens rea (criminal intent).
- Criminal responsibility and defense mechanisms (ex. insanity, self-defense, duress, consent, and necessity)
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Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in Crime and Criminal Justice, including social control, crime, justice, and the criminal justice system. Explore how laws are enforced and the role of societal norms in shaping justice. Gain insights into the agencies involved and the sociological aspects influencing perceptions of crime.
