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Questions and Answers
What is the primary aim of inquisitorial models in the justice system?
Which of the following reforms aim to modernize the police force in India?
What significant change occurred in the Indian police system after independence?
What was the principal objective of the Indian Police Act of 1861?
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Which of the following statements about post-independence prison reforms is true?
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What role does the police primarily serve in society?
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Which measure was introduced to specifically protect victims of crime after independence?
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What was a major characteristic of policing during the British colonial period in India?
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What is one of the main purposes of the Criminal Justice System?
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Which of the following best describes the Inquisitorial Model?
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What is a key characteristic of the Adversarial Model?
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What is a disadvantage of the Inquisitorial Model?
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Which system relies on competition between prosecution and defense?
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What is an advantage of the Adversarial Model?
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What does the Criminal Justice System strive for in terms of fairness and justice?
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Which is a potential drawback of the Adversarial Model?
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Study Notes
Criminal Justice System (CJS)
Concept and Purpose of the CJS
- The Criminal Justice System encompasses legal mechanisms for social control and penalty enforcement, aiming for crime deterrence and rehabilitation.
- Ensures individual and societal protection by deterring criminal actions.
- Upholds law enforcement, ensuring violations are subject to legal consequences.
- Focuses on rehabilitating offenders to integrate them into society as law-abiding members.
- Aims for fairness and justice, providing a balanced approach between victim rights and the protection of the accused.
Inquisitorial and Adversarial Models
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Inquisitorial Model:
- Courts actively investigate cases with judges leading evidence gathering and questioning.
- Used in many European nations, including France and Germany.
- Advantages include thorough evidence examination and reduced adversarial tensions.
- Disadvantages involve potential bias from judges and limited defense lawyer roles, risking accused rights.
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Adversarial Model:
- Prosecution and defense actively present their cases to a neutral judge or jury.
- Common in countries like the USA, UK, and India.
- Advantages include fairness in treatment of both sides and strong defense representation.
- Disadvantages include prioritizing case wins over justice and the resulting disadvantage for those unable to afford quality legal representation.
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Comparison highlights: Inquisitorial systems focus on judicial truth-finding, while adversarial systems emphasize fairness through competitive processes.
Post-Independence Reforms in the CJS (India)
- Police Reforms: Aimed at modernizing the police and enhancing accountability, reducing political interference.
- Judicial Reforms: Introduced measures like fast-track courts and alternative dispute resolution, improving case efficiency.
- Prison Reforms: Shifted focus from punishment to rehabilitation, enhancing treatment programs for offenders.
- Victim-Centric Reforms: Introduced compensation schemes and strengthened laws to safeguard victims, especially vulnerable groups (e.g., POCSO Act).
Police System
Historical Development of the Police System in India
- Ancient India: Policing was informal, overseen by local rulers or communities, with roles outlined in the Arthashastra.
- Colonial Period: The modern police framework established during British rule with the Indian Police Act of 1861, emphasizing control over the population.
- Post-Independence: Focus shifted towards democratizing the force, enhancing citizen interaction, and addressing the colonial legacy in policing.
Objectives and Functions of the Police System
- Maintenance of Law and Order: Primary responsibility to ensure societal peace, managing protests and potential conflicts effectively.
- Investigation of Crimes: Critical involvement in gathering evidence, interviewing witnesses, and pursuing criminal cases.
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Description
This quiz explores the concepts and purposes of the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Learn about its role in maintaining social control, deterring crime, and rehabilitating offenders. Test your understanding of the foundational principles and functions within the CJS.
