CPR Compression and Ventilation Rates
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended frequency for giving assisted breathing to a casualty who is breathing too slowly?

  • One breath every 5 seconds (correct)
  • One breath every 7 seconds
  • One breath every 10 seconds
  • One breath every 3 seconds

When should assisted breathing be initiated for a casualty with severe breathing difficulties?

  • When the casualty is coughing frequently
  • When the casualty is talking normally
  • When the casualty is breathing too rapidly
  • When the casualty shows very little or no breathing effort (correct)

What should be done if a casualty is conscious and needs assisted breathing?

  • Encourage them to breathe irregularly
  • Reassure them often and encourage them to breathe at a good rate with good depth (correct)
  • Give them oxygen without any interaction
  • Do not explain the procedure to the conscious casualty

What is the significance of giving one breath every second inhalation to a casualty who is breathing too fast?

<p>To slow down their own breathing rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between artificial respiration and assisted breathing?

<p>The frequency of ventilations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is a CPAP machine most useful during assisted breathing?

<p>When the casualty exhibits very little or no breathing effort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the compression to ventilation ratio for one rescuer CPR on adults, children, and infants?

<p>15 compressions to 2 ventilations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what rate should compressions be provided for infants and children during CPR?

<p>100-120 compressions per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the depth of compressions be determined for infants and children during CPR?

<p>1/3 the depth of the chest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a rescuer take if there is a pulse but no breathing in an adult during CPR/AED?

<p>Begin artificial respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does agonal breathing indicate in a casualty?

<p>Cardiac arrest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a rescuer do if there is no pulse and no breathing in an adult during CPR/AED?

<p>Begin compressions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended rate of chest compressions per minute for adult CPR?

<p>100-120 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should rescuers quickly change positions during CPR?

<p>Every 10 cycles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if an advanced airway is in place during CPR?

<p>Provide continuous chest compressions with no pause for breaths (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after giving 1 shock in an AED for an adult victim when 'SHOCK advised'?

<p>Start chest compressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For infant CPR, where should chest compressions be performed?

<p>Below the nipple line using two fingers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If pediatric pads are not available during AED use on a child, what should be done?

<p>Use adult pads instead of pediatric pads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if the chest doesn't rise when giving artificial respiration to a casualty with a stoma?

<p>Check the neck for a stoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action if there is a tube coming out of the stoma of a casualty?

<p>Put a pad under the shoulders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if you blow air too fast or too hard into a casualty during artificial respiration?

<p>Gastric distension can occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you use to clean the opening of a stoma in a casualty with a tracheostomy tube?

<p>A cloth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main concern related to gastric distension in a casualty during artificial respiration?

<p>Difficulty in ventilating the casualty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of keeping the chin raised when giving artificial respiration to a casualty with a stoma?

<p>To maintain a clear air passage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should compressions be performed in a two-rescuer CPR scenario?

<p>Every 10 cycles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What rate should chest compressions be performed at by Rescuer one in a two-rescuer CPR scenario?

<p>100 to 120 per minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should rescuers quickly change positions in a CPR scenario?

<p>Every 10 cycles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if an advanced airway is in place during CPR?

<p>Give one breath every 6-8 seconds with no pause in compressions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation should rescuers provide one shock during defibrillation?

<p>If the rhythm is shockable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the second rescuer take in a team approach to CPR?

<p>Begins chest compressions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate compression rate range for high-quality CPR?

<p>100-120 per minute (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a health care provider differentiate between an infant and a neonate/newborn?

<p>By the presence of secondary sex characteristics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a health care provider defer to local protocols over general guidelines provided in the chapter?

<p>When local legislation differs from the information provided (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should health care providers take regarding activating the Emergency Medical Response system?

<p>Ensure an AED arrives on scene with the rescuer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What age category does a child belong to for resuscitation purposes?

<p>&gt;1 year to puberty onset (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is it necessary for health care providers to differentiate neonates/newborns from other infants?

<p>When trained specifically for neonatal resuscitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a bag-valve mask (BVM) during CPR?

<p>To deliver rescue breaths by manually inflating the lungs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct technique for positioning the mask when using a bag-valve mask (BVM)?

<p>Centre the ventilation port over the mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a rescuer consider using an advanced airway during CPR?

<p>When trained in advanced skill techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a rescuer do if there is no pulse but breathing is present in an adult during CPR?

<p>Initiate chest compressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does a second rescuer typically play when using a bag-valve mask (BVM) for CPR?

<p>Squeezing the bag to provide rescue breaths (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When performing CPR, what should a rescuer do if an advanced airway is not available or they are not trained in its use?

<p>Administer rescue breaths with a bag-valve mask (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended depth for chest compressions during adult CPR?

<p>2-2.4 inches (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should rescuers quickly change positions in CPR?

<p>Every 5 cycles (2 minutes) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During two-rescuer CPR, what is the role of Rescuer two?

<p>Give 2 rescue breaths after every 15 compressions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if 'SHOCK advised' by the AED during adult CPR?

<p>Clear and give 1 shock immediately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a child requiring CPR, what is the recommended depth of chest compressions?

<p>1 inch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for two-rescuer CPR on infants?

<p>15 compressions to 2 ventilations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if an advanced airway is in place during CPR?

<p>Continue chest compressions with no pause for breaths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the depth of compressions be determined for infants and children during CPR?

<p>At least 1/3 the depth of the chest (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In adult CPR/AED, what should be done if there is no pulse and no breathing?

<p>Check for a pulse after 30 chest compressions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a rescuer take if there is a pulse but no breathing in an infant during CPR?

<p>Begin artificial respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a rescuer start compressions in the case of an infant casualty?

<p>Immediately after checking for a pulse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the rescuer provide chest compressions in infant CPR depending on the size of the infant casualty?

<p>Enfolding the infant's chest and using thumbs side-by-side or one on top of the other (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done in the rare scenario when the lungs cannot expand due to gastric distension?

<p>Relieve the gastric distension by forcing the air in the stomach out (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate action for a casualty with a pulse rate below 60 beats per minute and poor perfusion despite oxygen and ventilation?

<p>Provide chest compressions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During CPR, what should rescuers check simultaneously before beginning compressions?

<p>Pulse and breathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of maintaining a fully open airway during CPR?

<p>Prevents gastric distension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario should assisted breathing be initiated for a casualty with severe breathing difficulties?

<p>Immediately upon identifying the breathing difficulties (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken if a casualty's pulse rate is below 60 bpm despite adequate oxygen and ventilation?

<p>Perform chest compressions in addition to oxygenation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a healthcare provider do to prevent gastric distension while giving artificial respiration?

<p>Blow air slowly with less volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should gastric distension be relieved while providing artificial respiration?

<p>Only when the lungs cannot expand and assisted respiration is ineffective (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the compression rate range recommended by healthcare providers during CPR to assist in providing adequate circulation?

<p>100 to 120 compressions per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a two-rescuer CPR scenario, what should the second rescuer check simultaneously with the first rescuer before beginning compressions?

<p>Check for a carotid pulse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should be taken by a rescuer if a casualty has a pulse rate below 60 beats per minute despite oxygen and ventilation?

<p>Provide chest compressions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to ensure that the airway is fully open during CPR?

<p>To facilitate optimal air flow into the lungs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between assisted breathing and artificial respiration for a casualty with severe breathing difficulties?

<p>Timing of the ventilations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a rescuer initiate assisted breathing for a casualty who is breathing too slowly?

<p>Give a breath each time the casualty inhales, plus an extra breath (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a rescuer do if a casualty is breathing too fast during assisted breathing?

<p>Give one breath on every second inhalation by the casualty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of breaths per minute recommended for a casualty who is breathing too fast during assisted breathing?

<p>15-18 breaths per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What opening do some people breathe through after a laryngectomy?

<p>Stoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which scenario would a CPAP machine be most useful during assisted breathing?

<p>When the casualty shows very little or no breathing effort (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate range for compression rate during high-quality CPR?

<p>100-120 per minute (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group does a neonate/newborn belong to for resuscitation purposes?

<p>Infant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of local protocols, what takes precedence over the information provided in the chapter?

<p>Legislation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When responding to casualties, who will health care providers differentiate based on age categories?

<p>Presence of secondary sex characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does high-quality CPR entail in terms of compression depth?

<p>Appropriate depth based on the age of the casualty (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding activation of emergency medical response systems, what should health care providers be familiar with?

<p>Knowing how and when to activate internal and/or external Emergency Medical Response system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended rate of chest compressions per minute for one-rescuer infant CPR?

<p>100 to 120 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During infant CPR, what is the correct depth of chest compressions below the nipple line?

<p>1 1/2 inches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In two-rescuer CPR for infants, what is the compression to ventilation ratio?

<p>15:2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if 'SHOCK advised' during pediatric CPR with AED?

<p>Give 1 shock immediately (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How frequently should positions be changed in a two-rescuer infant CPR scenario?

<p>Every 10 cycles (2 minutes) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a rescuer consider providing one breath every 6-8 seconds during pediatric CPR?

<p>When using an advanced airway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During two-rescuer CPR for adults, when should Rescuer two give rescue breaths?

<p>After every 15 compressions by Rescuer one (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for child CPR?

<p>2 inches (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a single rescuer performing infant CPR?

<p>20:2 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In adult CPR/AED, what should rescuers do if 'NO SHOCK advised' after analyzing the heart rhythm using the AED?

<p>Continue with chest compressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario should a health care provider consider using an advanced airway during CPR?

<p>When trained in advanced airway techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During child CPR, how often should rescuers quickly change positions?

<p>After every cycle (2 minutes) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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