CPR Compression and Ventilation Rates
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended frequency for giving assisted breathing to a casualty who is breathing too slowly?

  • One breath every 5 seconds (correct)
  • One breath every 7 seconds
  • One breath every 10 seconds
  • One breath every 3 seconds

    • When should assisted breathing be initiated for a casualty with severe breathing difficulties?

  • When the casualty is coughing frequently
  • When the casualty is talking normally
  • When the casualty is breathing too rapidly
  • When the casualty shows very little or no breathing effort (correct)

    • What should be done if a casualty is conscious and needs assisted breathing?

  • Encourage them to breathe irregularly
  • Reassure them often and encourage them to breathe at a good rate with good depth (correct)
  • Give them oxygen without any interaction
  • Do not explain the procedure to the conscious casualty

    • What is the significance of giving one breath every second inhalation to a casualty who is breathing too fast?

    <p>To slow down their own breathing rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between artificial respiration and assisted breathing?

    <p>The frequency of ventilations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is a CPAP machine most useful during assisted breathing?

    <p>When the casualty exhibits very little or no breathing effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compression to ventilation ratio for one rescuer CPR on adults, children, and infants?

    <p>15 compressions to 2 ventilations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what rate should compressions be provided for infants and children during CPR?

    <p>100-120 compressions per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the depth of compressions be determined for infants and children during CPR?

    <p>1/3 the depth of the chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a rescuer take if there is a pulse but no breathing in an adult during CPR/AED?

    <p>Begin artificial respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does agonal breathing indicate in a casualty?

    <p>Cardiac arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a rescuer do if there is no pulse and no breathing in an adult during CPR/AED?

    <p>Begin compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended rate of chest compressions per minute for adult CPR?

    <p>100-120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should rescuers quickly change positions during CPR?

    <p>Every 10 cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if an advanced airway is in place during CPR?

    <p>Provide continuous chest compressions with no pause for breaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done after giving 1 shock in an AED for an adult victim when 'SHOCK advised'?

    <p>Start chest compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For infant CPR, where should chest compressions be performed?

    <p>Below the nipple line using two fingers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If pediatric pads are not available during AED use on a child, what should be done?

    <p>Use adult pads instead of pediatric pads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you do if the chest doesn't rise when giving artificial respiration to a casualty with a stoma?

    <p>Check the neck for a stoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended action if there is a tube coming out of the stoma of a casualty?

    <p>Put a pad under the shoulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if you blow air too fast or too hard into a casualty during artificial respiration?

    <p>Gastric distension can occur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you use to clean the opening of a stoma in a casualty with a tracheostomy tube?

    <p>A cloth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern related to gastric distension in a casualty during artificial respiration?

    <p>Difficulty in ventilating the casualty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of keeping the chin raised when giving artificial respiration to a casualty with a stoma?

    <p>To maintain a clear air passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should compressions be performed in a two-rescuer CPR scenario?

    <p>Every 10 cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What rate should chest compressions be performed at by Rescuer one in a two-rescuer CPR scenario?

    <p>100 to 120 per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should rescuers quickly change positions in a CPR scenario?

    <p>Every 10 cycles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if an advanced airway is in place during CPR?

    <p>Give one breath every 6-8 seconds with no pause in compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation should rescuers provide one shock during defibrillation?

    <p>If the rhythm is shockable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the second rescuer take in a team approach to CPR?

    <p>Begins chest compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate compression rate range for high-quality CPR?

    <p>100-120 per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should a health care provider differentiate between an infant and a neonate/newborn?

    <p>By the presence of secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a health care provider defer to local protocols over general guidelines provided in the chapter?

    <p>When local legislation differs from the information provided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should health care providers take regarding activating the Emergency Medical Response system?

    <p>Ensure an AED arrives on scene with the rescuer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age category does a child belong to for resuscitation purposes?

    <p>&gt;1 year to puberty onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is it necessary for health care providers to differentiate neonates/newborns from other infants?

    <p>When trained specifically for neonatal resuscitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a bag-valve mask (BVM) during CPR?

    <p>To deliver rescue breaths by manually inflating the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct technique for positioning the mask when using a bag-valve mask (BVM)?

    <p>Centre the ventilation port over the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a rescuer consider using an advanced airway during CPR?

    <p>When trained in advanced skill techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a rescuer do if there is no pulse but breathing is present in an adult during CPR?

    <p>Initiate chest compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a second rescuer typically play when using a bag-valve mask (BVM) for CPR?

    <p>Squeezing the bag to provide rescue breaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When performing CPR, what should a rescuer do if an advanced airway is not available or they are not trained in its use?

    <p>Administer rescue breaths with a bag-valve mask</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended depth for chest compressions during adult CPR?

    <p>2-2.4 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently should rescuers quickly change positions in CPR?

    <p>Every 5 cycles (2 minutes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During two-rescuer CPR, what is the role of Rescuer two?

    <p>Give 2 rescue breaths after every 15 compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if 'SHOCK advised' by the AED during adult CPR?

    <p>Clear and give 1 shock immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a child requiring CPR, what is the recommended depth of chest compressions?

    <p>1 inch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for two-rescuer CPR on infants?

    <p>15 compressions to 2 ventilations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if an advanced airway is in place during CPR?

    <p>Continue chest compressions with no pause for breaths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the depth of compressions be determined for infants and children during CPR?

    <p>At least 1/3 the depth of the chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adult CPR/AED, what should be done if there is no pulse and no breathing?

    <p>Check for a pulse after 30 chest compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should a rescuer take if there is a pulse but no breathing in an infant during CPR?

    <p>Begin artificial respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a rescuer start compressions in the case of an infant casualty?

    <p>Immediately after checking for a pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should the rescuer provide chest compressions in infant CPR depending on the size of the infant casualty?

    <p>Enfolding the infant's chest and using thumbs side-by-side or one on top of the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done in the rare scenario when the lungs cannot expand due to gastric distension?

    <p>Relieve the gastric distension by forcing the air in the stomach out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate action for a casualty with a pulse rate below 60 beats per minute and poor perfusion despite oxygen and ventilation?

    <p>Provide chest compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During CPR, what should rescuers check simultaneously before beginning compressions?

    <p>Pulse and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of maintaining a fully open airway during CPR?

    <p>Prevents gastric distension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario should assisted breathing be initiated for a casualty with severe breathing difficulties?

    <p>Immediately upon identifying the breathing difficulties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if a casualty's pulse rate is below 60 bpm despite adequate oxygen and ventilation?

    <p>Perform chest compressions in addition to oxygenation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a healthcare provider do to prevent gastric distension while giving artificial respiration?

    <p>Blow air slowly with less volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should gastric distension be relieved while providing artificial respiration?

    <p>Only when the lungs cannot expand and assisted respiration is ineffective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compression rate range recommended by healthcare providers during CPR to assist in providing adequate circulation?

    <p>100 to 120 compressions per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a two-rescuer CPR scenario, what should the second rescuer check simultaneously with the first rescuer before beginning compressions?

    <p>Check for a carotid pulse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken by a rescuer if a casualty has a pulse rate below 60 beats per minute despite oxygen and ventilation?

    <p>Provide chest compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to ensure that the airway is fully open during CPR?

    <p>To facilitate optimal air flow into the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between assisted breathing and artificial respiration for a casualty with severe breathing difficulties?

    <p>Timing of the ventilations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a rescuer initiate assisted breathing for a casualty who is breathing too slowly?

    <p>Give a breath each time the casualty inhales, plus an extra breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a rescuer do if a casualty is breathing too fast during assisted breathing?

    <p>Give one breath on every second inhalation by the casualty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of breaths per minute recommended for a casualty who is breathing too fast during assisted breathing?

    <p>15-18 breaths per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What opening do some people breathe through after a laryngectomy?

    <p>Stoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would a CPAP machine be most useful during assisted breathing?

    <p>When the casualty shows very little or no breathing effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the appropriate range for compression rate during high-quality CPR?

    <p>100-120 per minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group does a neonate/newborn belong to for resuscitation purposes?

    <p>Infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of local protocols, what takes precedence over the information provided in the chapter?

    <p>Legislation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When responding to casualties, who will health care providers differentiate based on age categories?

    <p>Presence of secondary sex characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does high-quality CPR entail in terms of compression depth?

    <p>Appropriate depth based on the age of the casualty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Regarding activation of emergency medical response systems, what should health care providers be familiar with?

    <p>Knowing how and when to activate internal and/or external Emergency Medical Response system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended rate of chest compressions per minute for one-rescuer infant CPR?

    <p>100 to 120</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During infant CPR, what is the correct depth of chest compressions below the nipple line?

    <p>1 1/2 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In two-rescuer CPR for infants, what is the compression to ventilation ratio?

    <p>15:2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if 'SHOCK advised' during pediatric CPR with AED?

    <p>Give 1 shock immediately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How frequently should positions be changed in a two-rescuer infant CPR scenario?

    <p>Every 10 cycles (2 minutes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a rescuer consider providing one breath every 6-8 seconds during pediatric CPR?

    <p>When using an advanced airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During two-rescuer CPR for adults, when should Rescuer two give rescue breaths?

    <p>After every 15 compressions by Rescuer one</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended depth of chest compressions for child CPR?

    <p>2 inches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a single rescuer performing infant CPR?

    <p>20:2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In adult CPR/AED, what should rescuers do if 'NO SHOCK advised' after analyzing the heart rhythm using the AED?

    <p>Continue with chest compressions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario should a health care provider consider using an advanced airway during CPR?

    <p>When trained in advanced airway techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During child CPR, how often should rescuers quickly change positions?

    <p>After every cycle (2 minutes)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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