CPR: Compression and Backups (Multiple Choice)
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary advantage of data compression in communication systems?

  • Increasing the speed of data transmission
  • Enabling devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits (correct)
  • Reducing the amount of data to be transmitted
  • Improving the quality of transmitted data

    • What type of compression is used in formats like JPG and MP3?

  • Lossless compression
  • Adaptive compression
  • Hybrid compression
  • Lossy compression (correct)

    • What is the primary purpose of the 3-2-1 backup strategy?

  • To reduce the frequency of backups
  • To provide one copy of data on a single media
  • To provide multiple copies of data on different media (correct)
  • To decrease the cost of backup solutions

    • What was the consequence of UniSuper pension fund's cloud provider configuring services incorrectly?

    <p>Two backup copies on Google Cloud were lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using lossless compression formats like FLAC and TIFF?

    <p>Improved data quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of a backup strategy?

    <p>To provide a way to restore data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of compressing a 1MB plain text file to 35% of its original size?

    <p>Data transfer time decreases by 50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a 3-2-1 backup strategy with a different provider?

    <p>Reduced reliance on a single provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major concern with solid or multi-volume archives?

    <p>They can be lost with even minor data corruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary drawback of lossy compression?

    <p>It reduces the quality of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of RAID 1?

    <p>To pair drives for redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a full and differential backup?

    <p>A full backup includes all files, while a differential backup includes only changed files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using incremental backups?

    <p>They are faster than differential backups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern with using a single cloud provider for data storage?

    <p>The risk of a single point of failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of redundant array of independent disks (RAID)?

    <p>To improve data integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a backup?

    <p>It is a copy in a geographically separate location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data deduplication and Single-instance storage in backup systems?

    <p>to eliminate duplicate copies of data within and across systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good backup strategy?

    <p>two-way synchronization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a full backup and an incremental backup?

    <p>full backup captures all data, incremental backup captures only changed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 3-2-1 Backup Checklist?

    <p>to ensure multiple copies of data in different formats and locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using LTO tape or optical disc libraries as nearline tertiary storage?

    <p>they are platform independent and can be moved offsite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between user-level file recovery and backup?

    <p>user-level file recovery is not a backup strategy, it's a way to recover individual files</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of using Windows Recycle Bin or macOS Trash as a backup strategy?

    <p>it's only good for short-term recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using AWS Glacier or Google Nearline as a cloud storage option?

    <p>they are inexpensive for upload storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of minimizing redundancy in file compression?

    <p>To reduce the size of the compressed file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compression is suitable for applications requiring high-quality output, such as medical imaging?

    <p>Lossless compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using a 3-2-1 backup strategy?

    <p>Improved data integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using encryption in file compression?

    <p>To enhance the security of the compressed data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using ZIP archives for cross-platform file exchange?

    <p>Platform-independent file exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using RAID in data storage?

    <p>To improve data integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of data corruption in a compressed file?

    <p>Data loss or corruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using lossless compression formats like FLAC and TIFF?

    <p>Preservation of original data quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why user-created files need to be backed up?

    <p>To recover from accidental deletions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which backup strategy is used when a system operator or backup software runs a backup at specific times?

    <p>Scheduled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main disadvantage of using local backup media?

    <p>If the computer is lost or malfunctions, the data is also lost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is manual backup considered the least effective method?

    <p>It relies on the user to perform the backup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using external backup media?

    <p>It provides a safe off-site storage location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between local and external backup media?

    <p>Local backup is stored on the computer, while external backup is stored on a separate device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is network backup considered a slower option for large backups?

    <p>It has a lower throughput than directly attached devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using automatic backup software?

    <p>It continuously monitors for file changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Servers and Archives

    • Archived files must be uncompressed before use, requiring extra space for both compression and decompression.
    • Data corruption can cause loss of the entire archive, and even minor corruption can result in loss of solid or multi-volume archives.
    • Archive repair is possible but not probable, so it's essential to test archives to confirm integrity.

    Why We Need Backups

    • Accidental deletion by users or IT people is a common cause of data loss, accounting for 2/3 to 3/4 of all data loss.
    • Hardware failure is another significant cause of data loss, as all storage devices will eventually fail.
    • Less frequent causes of data loss include catastrophes, account cancellation or accidental closure, and single-point failure of cloud service providers.

    Continuous Data Integrity

    • Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) ensures continuous data integrity by tolerating drive failure.
    • RAID 1 pairs drives, RAID 5 uses +1 parity drive, and RAID 6 uses +2 parity drives, all providing redundant data storage.
    • RAID appears as one logical drive space to the OS, excluding parity drives.

    Characteristics of a Backup

    • A backup is a copy of data in a geographically separate location that is platform-independent.
    • Classic file backup strategies include Full, Differential, and Incremental backups.
    • Full backup is slow, Differential backup is faster, and Incremental backup is faster than Differential, but restore is slowest.

    One-Way Backup to Cloud Cold Storage

    • One off-site backup (geographically separate location) is essential, using cloud storage that is different from your cloud service provider.
    • Tape/optical media can be used to rotate Full, Differential, and Incremental backups to off-site storage services.

    UniSuper Pension Fund Case Study

    • UniSuper pension fund, with USD $125 billion and 647,000 members, experienced a near loss of data due to a cloud provider's configuration error.
    • Fortunately, the fund had a proper 3-2-1 backup with a different provider, which enabled them to restore services.

    The Final Word on Backups

    • Backups do not matter; only restore matters.

    Effect of File Compression on Data Transfer

    • File compression can significantly reduce data transfer time and size.
    • For example, compressing a 1MB plain text file to 35% of its original size can reduce transfer time from 16.6 hours to 8.3 hours.

    File Compression Formats

    • Lossless compression formats include TIFF, PNG, GIF, and FLAC.
    • Lossy compression formats include JPG, MP3, AAC, MP4, MPG, and DIVX.

    How Compression Works

    • Data compression enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits.
    • There are various data compression techniques, but only a few have been standardized.

    Enterprise Backup

    • Backup software uses Full, Differential, and Incremental strategies.
    • Options for file versions/generations and periodic snapshots are available.
    • Enterprise OS provides for backup of continuously running systems, and LTO tape or optical disc libraries can be used as nearline tertiary storage.

    User Level File Recovery

    • Windows File History and macOS Time Machine are not exactly backups, but they can be used for file recovery.
    • Automatic copying of files to external or network drives can be used for file recovery.
    • However, these methods are not true backups, as they are not geographically separate or platform-independent.

    3-2-1 Backup Checklist

    • 3 copies: 1 active, 1 local backup, and 1 remote backup.
    • 2 different formats/platforms: platform independence.
    • 1 off-site backup: having a backup will allow you to recover from lost, broken, or stolen hardware, and from accidental deletions.

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