CPR: Data Compression
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of lossless compression?

  • To increase the size of digital data
  • To reduce the quality of digital data
  • To maintain the original quality of digital data (correct)
  • To encrypt sensitive information

    • What is the main difference between lossless and lossy compression?

  • Lossless is used for audio files, while lossy is used for video files
  • Lossless is used for text files, while lossy is used for image files
  • Lossless is faster, while lossy is slower
  • Lossless maintains quality, while lossy reduces quality (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the ZIP archive file format?

  • To compress and encrypt files (correct)
  • To encrypt files, but not compress them
  • To compress files, but not encrypt them
  • To store files in a database

    • What is the term for storing a file's data in less space by minimizing redundancy in the content?

    <p>File compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a local OS option for compressing and encrypting local files?

    <p>Local OS options</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is encryption important in file compression?

    <p>To increase the security of digital data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using lossless compression in real-time applications?

    <p>Maintained quality of digital data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for combining multiple files into one file?

    <p>Archive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the original size is the compressed text after 5 replacements?

    <p>90.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data compression in communications?

    <p>To enable devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following file formats is an example of lossless compression?

    <p>ZIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a larger dictionary in data compression?

    <p>It increases the compression ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between lossless and lossy compression?

    <p>Lossless compression reduces redundant data, while lossy compression reduces quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organization has defined a standard data compression technique for transmitting and a compression standard for data communications through modems?

    <p>CCITT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of pattern matching in data compression?

    <p>To increase the compression ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compression is used in FLAC audio?

    <p>Lossless compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of data compression in communication systems?

    <p>It enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compression is used in formats such as JPG and MP3?

    <p>Lossy compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following formats uses lossless compression?

    <p>PNG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between FLAC and MP3 compression formats?

    <p>FLAC is a lossless format, while MP3 is lossy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does compressing a 1MB plain text file to 35% of its original size affect the data transfer time?

    <p>It reduces the data transfer time by 75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data compression in backup systems?

    <p>To reduce the storage capacity required for backups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a standardized data compression technique?

    <p>LZW compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using lossless compression formats such as TIFF and PNG?

    <p>They preserve the original quality of the data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of compression in data encoding?

    <p>To reduce the size of the data for efficient storage and transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compression techniques is used in GIF files?

    <p>Lossless compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of backing up data?

    <p>To create an extra copy of the data in case the original is lost or damaged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following file formats uses lossy compression?

    <p>JPG/JPEG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between lossless and lossy compression?

    <p>Lossless compression retains all data, while lossy compression discards some data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of ZIP files?

    <p>It includes features such as encryption using password protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the level of compression in lossy compression?

    <p>The use case of the compressed file</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using proprietary compression file formats like RAR and 7z?

    <p>They offer additional features and improvements over ZIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using Huffman coding over LZW compression?

    <p>Variable bit length symbols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compression is used in MP3 audio files?

    <p>Lossy compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compression ratio achieved in the example of LZW compression?

    <p>22%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following file formats is an example of a lossy image compression format?

    <p>JPG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a dictionary in LZW compression?

    <p>To replace repeating strings with unique codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compression technique is used in FLAC audio files?

    <p>Lossless compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drawback of using compression in real-time applications?

    <p>Slow encoding times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following file formats is an example of a lossless compressed archive?

    <p>ZIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression reduces redundant data by not repeating recurring strings of the same data in formats such as _______ and FLAC.

    <p>TIFF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ZIP, _______, and other general file compression routines are lossless: all original data is completely encoded.

    <p>TIFF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ compression reduces the quality of the original data by discarding some of the data during the compression process.

    <p>Lossy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ is a standardized data compression technique for transmitting and a compression standard for data communications through modems.

    <p>CCITT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CCITT has defined a standard data _______ technique for transmitting and a _______ standard for data communications through modems.

    <p>compression; compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ compression is used in formats such as JPG and MP3.

    <p>Lossy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lossless compression, all original data is completely encoded, which means that the data can be restored to its original _______.

    <p>form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ________ coding is a lossless compression technique used in some file formats.

    <p>Huffman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression is preferred in applications where ________ of data is critical.

    <p>accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy compression is typically used in formats such as ________ and MP3.

    <p>JPG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ________ technique combines frequency of occurrence with Binary Arithmetic Coding.

    <p>Huffman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ZIP archive file format uses ________ compression to save space.

    <p>lossless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Encryption is often used in file compression for ________.

    <p>security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data compression is important in communications because it reduces the time for ________ and sending data.

    <p>writing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In data encoding, minimizing ________ in the content reduces the file size.

    <p>redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Real-time applications often use lossless compression to ensure ________ of data.

    <p>accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The UniSuper pension fund had a proper _______________________ backup with a different provider.

    <p>3-2-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data compression is particularly useful in communications because it enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in _______________________ bits.

    <p>fewer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    TIFF, PNG, and GIF are examples of _______________________ compression formats used by the graphics industry.

    <p>lossless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FLAC is an example of a _______________________ compression format used by the sound engineering and music industry.

    <p>lossless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MP3, AAC, and MP4 are examples of _______________________ compression formats used by the sound engineering and music industry.

    <p>lossy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in _______________________ space.

    <p>less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compressing a 1MB plain text file to 35% of its original size reduces the data transfer time to _______________________ seconds per file.

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MPG, MP4, DIVX, XVID, MOV, and AVI are examples of _______________________ compression formats used by the video industry.

    <p>lossy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GIF files use ________ lossless compression as part of their file format.

    <p>LZW</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy compression, such as JPG/JPEG, MPG, MP3, and other end-user formats, removes ________ resolutions of the image or sound to achieve high levels of compression.

    <p>fine-grained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The minimal ________ depth captured by GIF images is by design, not an artifact of compression.

    <p>colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Developers decide to adjust the level of compression according to their ________.

    <p>Use Cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ZIP is a general-purpose compression archive, supported on virtually all platforms from mainframes to ________.

    <p>PCs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAR, 7z, TAR, and StuffIt are proprietary general-purpose compression file formats with incremental improvements over ________.

    <p>ZIP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A backup is the procedure for making extra copies of data “in case the original is lost or damaged and must be ________.”

    <p>restored</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A backup includes storing the copy in a geographically ________ location which is platform independent from the original file and host system.

    <p>separate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lempel-Ziv-Welch compression is a type of _______ compression.

    <p>lossless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huffman coding is a _______ compression technique used in some file formats.

    <p>lossless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression is used in file formats such as _______ and FLAC.

    <p>PNG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main difference between lossless and lossy compression is that lossy compression _______ quality for smaller file size.

    <p>sacrifices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ZIP, TAR, and other general file compression routines are _______ : all original data is completely encoded.

    <p>lossless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy compression is used in file formats such as _______ and MP3.

    <p>JPG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lossless compression, all original data is completely encoded, which means that the data can be restored to its original _______.

    <p>form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The drawback of using compression in real-time applications is that it needs _______ and primary storage resources.

    <p>time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression reduces redundant data by not repeating recurring strings of the same data in formats such as TIFF and PNG.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy compression reduces the quality of the original data by discarding some of the data during the compression process.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huffman coding is a lossy compression technique used in some file formats.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The CCITT has defined a standard data compression technique for transmitting and a lossy standard for data communications through modems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression is typically used in formats such as JPG and MP3.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In lossless compression, all original data is completely encoded, which means that the data can be restored to its original quality.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression is preferred in applications where speed of data is critical.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main advantage of using lossless compression formats such as TIFF and PNG is to reduce the file size.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression reduces the quality of the original data by discarding some of the data during the compression process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ZIP archives are usually encrypted for security.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossy compression reduces the quality of the original data by retaining some of the data during the compression process.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main difference between lossless and lossy compression is that lossless compression is typically used in real-time applications.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huffman coding is a lossy compression technique used in some file formats.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FLAC is an example of a lossy compression format.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main advantage of using lossless compression formats is that they reduce the quality of the original data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary advantage of using lossless compression formats such as TIFF and PNG is that they are smaller in size.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LZW compression is a standardized data compression technique for transmitting and a compression standard for data communications through modems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huffman coding is a standardized data compression technique for transmitting and a compression standard for data communications through modems.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary goal of compression in data encoding is to increase the size of the data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary goal of compression in data encoding is to reduce the quality of the original data.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FLAC audio files use lossy compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression is typically used in formats such as JPG and MP3.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary advantage of using proprietary compression file formats like RAR and 7z is that they are lossless.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data compression is particularly useful in communications because it enables devices to transmit or store more data in the same amount of bits.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ZIP files use lossy compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lossless compression removes unnecessary data, resulting in a smaller file size.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    GIF files use lossy compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FLAC audio files use lossy compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAR files are a type of lossy compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MP3 files use lossless compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    LZW compression is a type of lossy compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Data is always restored to its original quality after decompression in lossy compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lempel-Ziv-Welch compression is a lossy compression technique.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huffman coding is a lossless compression technique that is used in image formats like JPEG.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ZIP file format is a lossy compression format.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The compression ratio achieved in the example of LZW compression is 50%.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    AVIF is a lossy image compression format.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    FLAC audio files use lossy compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main advantage of using lossless compression formats is that they sacrifice quality for smaller file size.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    MP3 audio files use lossless compression.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Data Compression

    • Data compression is useful in communications because it enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits.
    • There are various data compression techniques, but only a few have been standardized.
    • The CCITT has defined a standard data compression technique for transmitting and a compression standard for data communications through modems.

    File Compression Formats

    • File compression formats, such as ARC and ZIP, are used to store data in less space.
    • ZIP is a popular general-purpose compression archive that is supported on virtually all platforms.
    • Other proprietary general-purpose compression file formats include RAR, 7z, TAR, and StuffIt.

    How Compression Works

    • Compression combines pattern matching and a dictionary to replace repeating strings with a unique code.
    • LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) compression and Huffman coding are two techniques used to achieve compression.
    • LZW compression replaces duplicate strings using a dictionary, while Huffman coding replaces 8-bit characters with variable bit length symbols based on character frequency.

    Lossless vs. Lossy Compression

    • Lossless compression removes redundancies but retains all original data.
    • Lossless compression is used for data, PNG/TIFF images, and FLAC/ALAC audio.
    • Lossy compression sacrifices quality for smaller file size and is used for end-use only, such as JPG images, MP3/AAC audio, and video.
    • Lossy compression drops details that may not be noticeable to the human eye or ear.

    Compression in Practice

    • Compression is used in various industries, such as graphics, sound engineering, and music.
    • TIFF, PNG, GIF, and FLAC are used in the graphics and sound engineering industries, while MP3, AAC, and MP4 are used in the music industry.
    • MPG, MP4, DIVX, XVID, MOV, and AVI are used in the video industry.

    Backup and Restoration

    • A backup is the procedure for making extra copies of data in case the original is lost or damaged.
    • The procedure includes storing the copy in a geographically separate location that is platform-independent from the original file and host system.
    • Restoring data is more important than making backups, as it ensures that the data can be recovered in case of loss or damage.

    Data Compression

    • Data compression is useful in communications because it enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits.
    • There are various data compression techniques, but only a few have been standardized.
    • The CCITT has defined a standard data compression technique for transmitting and a compression standard for data communications through modems.

    File Compression Formats

    • File compression formats, such as ARC and ZIP, are used to store data in less space.
    • ZIP is a popular general-purpose compression archive that is supported on virtually all platforms.
    • Other proprietary general-purpose compression file formats include RAR, 7z, TAR, and StuffIt.

    How Compression Works

    • Compression combines pattern matching and a dictionary to replace repeating strings with a unique code.
    • LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) compression and Huffman coding are two techniques used to achieve compression.
    • LZW compression replaces duplicate strings using a dictionary, while Huffman coding replaces 8-bit characters with variable bit length symbols based on character frequency.

    Lossless vs. Lossy Compression

    • Lossless compression removes redundancies but retains all original data.
    • Lossless compression is used for data, PNG/TIFF images, and FLAC/ALAC audio.
    • Lossy compression sacrifices quality for smaller file size and is used for end-use only, such as JPG images, MP3/AAC audio, and video.
    • Lossy compression drops details that may not be noticeable to the human eye or ear.

    Compression in Practice

    • Compression is used in various industries, such as graphics, sound engineering, and music.
    • TIFF, PNG, GIF, and FLAC are used in the graphics and sound engineering industries, while MP3, AAC, and MP4 are used in the music industry.
    • MPG, MP4, DIVX, XVID, MOV, and AVI are used in the video industry.

    Backup and Restoration

    • A backup is the procedure for making extra copies of data in case the original is lost or damaged.
    • The procedure includes storing the copy in a geographically separate location that is platform-independent from the original file and host system.
    • Restoring data is more important than making backups, as it ensures that the data can be recovered in case of loss or damage.

    Data Compression

    • Data compression is useful in communications because it enables devices to transmit or store the same amount of data in fewer bits.
    • There are various data compression techniques, but only a few have been standardized.
    • The CCITT has defined a standard data compression technique for transmitting and a compression standard for data communications through modems.

    File Compression Formats

    • File compression formats, such as ARC and ZIP, are used to store data in less space.
    • ZIP is a popular general-purpose compression archive that is supported on virtually all platforms.
    • Other proprietary general-purpose compression file formats include RAR, 7z, TAR, and StuffIt.

    How Compression Works

    • Compression combines pattern matching and a dictionary to replace repeating strings with a unique code.
    • LZW (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) compression and Huffman coding are two techniques used to achieve compression.
    • LZW compression replaces duplicate strings using a dictionary, while Huffman coding replaces 8-bit characters with variable bit length symbols based on character frequency.

    Lossless vs. Lossy Compression

    • Lossless compression removes redundancies but retains all original data.
    • Lossless compression is used for data, PNG/TIFF images, and FLAC/ALAC audio.
    • Lossy compression sacrifices quality for smaller file size and is used for end-use only, such as JPG images, MP3/AAC audio, and video.
    • Lossy compression drops details that may not be noticeable to the human eye or ear.

    Compression in Practice

    • Compression is used in various industries, such as graphics, sound engineering, and music.
    • TIFF, PNG, GIF, and FLAC are used in the graphics and sound engineering industries, while MP3, AAC, and MP4 are used in the music industry.
    • MPG, MP4, DIVX, XVID, MOV, and AVI are used in the video industry.

    Backup and Restoration

    • A backup is the procedure for making extra copies of data in case the original is lost or damaged.
    • The procedure includes storing the copy in a geographically separate location that is platform-independent from the original file and host system.
    • Restoring data is more important than making backups, as it ensures that the data can be recovered in case of loss or damage.

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