CPAR Review Week 1 & 2: Art History

Art Overview

• Art represents the expression or application of human creativity.
• Modern Art spans from the 1880s to the 1970s, featuring movements such as Fauvism, Impressionism, and Surrealism.
• Contemporary Art refers to artworks created by living artists in the present day.

Philippine Art History

• Pre-colonial Art existed before colonizers arrived in the Philippines.
• Spanish Colonial Art emerged with the arrival of Spaniards, altering indigenous artistic practices.
• American colonization introduced public education, while Japanese occupation was brief during the 1940s.
• Contemporary Arts in the Philippines often reflect visions of a "New Society."

Visual Arts

• Visual Arts encompass a range of disciplines appreciated mainly through sight.
• Fine Arts refers to art created for aesthetic purposes rather than functional use.

Categories of Visual Arts

• Drawing: Marking surfaces with instruments.
• Painting: Application of pigment or color.
• Sculpture: Creation of three-dimensional art using hard/plastic materials.
• Architecture: Art of designing buildings.
• Art Prints: Art created through pressing inked carved images.

Decorative Arts/Crafts

• Decorative Arts emphasize both beauty and functionality.
• Weaving: Intersecting threads in textiles.
• Jewelry Making: Crafting ornamental pieces.
• Furniture Making: Creating functional household items.
• Pottery: Forming objects with clay.
• Metal Crafts: Artworks crafted from metals.

Contemporary Arts

• Contemporary Art introduces new, unusual forms.
• Assemblage: Sculpture made from found objects.
• Collage: Arranging a variety of materials.
• Installation Art: Site-specific large-scale mixed-media works.
• Digital Art: Art created via digital technologies.
• Land Art: Art directly made within the landscape.

Performing Arts

Music

• Music involves the manipulation of sound and silence.
• Art Music: Recognized for high aesthetic value (classical).
• Popular Music: Aimed at large audiences.
• Traditional Music: Folk songs passed through generations.
• Choral Music: Music sung by choirs.

Dance

• Dance is characterized by regulated body movements.
• Ballet: A theatrical dance form.
• Improvisational Dance: Unplanned movement creation.
• Hip-Hop Dance: Various street dance styles.
• Modern Dance: Highly expressive style.
• Contemporary Dance: Innovative, interpretive dance.

Theater

• Theater involves live performances by actors.
• Mime: Silent expression through movement.
• Puppetry: Manipulation of puppets for storytelling.
• Tragedy: Drama focusing on human suffering.
• Traditional Theater: Combines acting, music, and narration.
• Opera: Staged drama with music.
• Musical Theater: Integrates acting, singing, and dancing.

National Artist of the Philippines

• Order of the National Artist Award: Highest recognition for Filipino artists.
• Administered by the NCCA and CCP; established by Proclamation No. 1001 in 1972.
• Fernando Amorsolo: First recipient of the award.

Categories of National Artists

• Literature, Film and Broadcasting, Architecture, Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts.

Insignia of the Order

• Grand Collar featuring circular links representing the arts and an eight-pointed sun emblematic of the CCP’s motto.

Indigenous Art

• Indigenous Art refers to creations made by the indigenous people of the Philippines.

GAMABA Award

• GAMABA Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan: Award recognizing practitioners preserving Filipino arts.
• Established in 1992 through Republic Act No. 7355.
• Emblem features a representation of a human form on traditional fabric.

Benefits for GAMABA Awardees

• Recognition as "Manlilikha ng Bayan."
• Gold-plated medallion and lifetime emoluments, totaling Php 200,000.
• Monthly stipends and a state funeral.

National Living Treasures

• Highlights include:
  • Ginaw Bilog: Ambahan poetry.
  • Masino Intaray: Master of various musical instruments.
  • Lang Dulay: Renowned weaver of traditional textiles.

Significance of Representation

• Manunggul Jar: Embodies the significance of waterways to ancestors.
• Bahay Kubo: Represents Filipino sociability and community spirit.
• Metaphor of Body and Jar: Concept linking Filipino identity to physical and spiritual aspects.

Heritage and Cultural Institutions

• National Heritage: Cultural significance passed down generations.
• Cultural Heritage: Expression of community lifestyles.
• NCCA: Oversees cultural policies and initiatives in the Philippines.
• CCP: Premier venue and home to artistic companies.
• NHCP: Promotes Philippine history and cultural heritage through various means.