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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a potential lethal effect of diphtheria?
Which of the following is a potential lethal effect of diphtheria?
What is the significance of the image depicting a man eating sausage links?
What is the significance of the image depicting a man eating sausage links?
What is the purpose of the Elek's test mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of the Elek's test mentioned in the text?
Why is the text in a different language?
Why is the text in a different language?
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What is the significance of the syringes in the bull image?
What is the significance of the syringes in the bull image?
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What is the general shape of Corynebacterium Diphtheria described in the text?
What is the general shape of Corynebacterium Diphtheria described in the text?
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Which staining characteristic is associated with Corynebacterium Diphtheria?
Which staining characteristic is associated with Corynebacterium Diphtheria?
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How does the toxin of Corynebacterium Diphtheria affect protein synthesis?
How does the toxin of Corynebacterium Diphtheria affect protein synthesis?
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What type of exudate does Corynebacterium Diphtheria infection lead to in the oral pharynx?
What type of exudate does Corynebacterium Diphtheria infection lead to in the oral pharynx?
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Which feature is associated with Corynebacterium Diphtheria transmission as described in the text?
Which feature is associated with Corynebacterium Diphtheria transmission as described in the text?
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What clinical manifestation can Corynebacterium Diphtheria cause that leads to 'bulls neck'?
What clinical manifestation can Corynebacterium Diphtheria cause that leads to 'bulls neck'?
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What is the primary mechanism by which the diphtheria toxin can lead to nerve deficits?
What is the primary mechanism by which the diphtheria toxin can lead to nerve deficits?
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What is the purpose of the Elek's test mentioned in the text?
What is the purpose of the Elek's test mentioned in the text?
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What is the primary reason why immigrants are more likely to get diphtheria as mentioned in the text?
What is the primary reason why immigrants are more likely to get diphtheria as mentioned in the text?
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What is the primary purpose of the DTaP vaccine mentioned in the text?
What is the primary purpose of the DTaP vaccine mentioned in the text?
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What is the primary treatment approach for diphtheria infection based on the information provided in the text?
What is the primary treatment approach for diphtheria infection based on the information provided in the text?
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What is the mechanism by which the toxin of Corynebacterium Diphtheria leads to cell death?
What is the mechanism by which the toxin of Corynebacterium Diphtheria leads to cell death?
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How does Corynebacterium Diphtheria's toxin affect elongation factor 2 (EF-2)?
How does Corynebacterium Diphtheria's toxin affect elongation factor 2 (EF-2)?
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Which media is commonly used for diagnosing Corynebacterium Diphtheria in the lab?
Which media is commonly used for diagnosing Corynebacterium Diphtheria in the lab?
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What type of exudate is typically seen in cases of Corynebacterium Diphtheria infection in the oral pharynx?
What type of exudate is typically seen in cases of Corynebacterium Diphtheria infection in the oral pharynx?
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What is the main feature of Corynebacterium Diphtheria that contributes to its staining characteristics with aniline dyes?
What is the main feature of Corynebacterium Diphtheria that contributes to its staining characteristics with aniline dyes?
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In what way does the toxin of Corynebacterium Diphtheria impact protein synthesis?
In what way does the toxin of Corynebacterium Diphtheria impact protein synthesis?
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Study Notes
Corynebacterium Diphtheria
- Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria
- Club-shaped and Y or V shaped (Moroccan shaped rods)
- Metachromatic granules that stain with aniline dyes, staining red with the rest of the cell staining blue
General Features
- Lab diagnosis involves plating on Tellurite (CTBA) and Loefflers media agar
- Bacteria forms a zig-zag shape
Pathogenesis
- Toxin has 2 subunits: A (active) and B (binding)
- Toxin causes ribosylation of elongation factor 2 (EF-2) by adding ADP-ribose, inhibiting ribosome function and protein synthesis, leading to cell death
- Leads to pseudomembranous exudate in the oral pharynx
- Can cause airway obstruction and lymphadenopathy, leading to "bulls neck" (thickening of the neck)
Transmission
- Infection is transmitted by respiratory droplets
- Found in throat and tonsils
Diseases
- Can lead to myocarditis, resulting in arrhythmias and heart block
- Damages the myelin of nerve fibers, causing neuropathy
- Nerve deficits start in the posterior oropharynx, resulting in recurrent laryngeal palsy and lower limb polyneuritis
Diagnosis
- Eleks test: an in-vitro assay that detects toxin presence
- ELISA is now used as a diagnostic tool
Prevention and Treatment
- DTaP vaccine is used, given with tetanus and pertussis
- Treatment involves penicillin, erythromycin, and antitoxin to neutralize the toxin
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Description
Test your knowledge on Corynebacterium Diphtheria with questions about its general features such as club-shaped morphology, metachromatic granules, and lab diagnosis techniques like Tellurite plate culture. Identify characteristics like Gram-positive, non-spore forming nature and unique zig-zag shapes in this quiz.
