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Questions and Answers
What is a potential adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid use?
What is a potential adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid use?
How does long-term steroid therapy affect adrenal function?
How does long-term steroid therapy affect adrenal function?
Which laboratory value is preferred for diagnosing thyroid disorders?
Which laboratory value is preferred for diagnosing thyroid disorders?
Which of the following interactions can accelerate the metabolism of levothyroxine?
Which of the following interactions can accelerate the metabolism of levothyroxine?
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What dietary item should be avoided when taking levothyroxine due to potential interference?
What dietary item should be avoided when taking levothyroxine due to potential interference?
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What is a recommended monitoring practice for infants being treated for thyroid deficiency?
What is a recommended monitoring practice for infants being treated for thyroid deficiency?
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Which action should be taken when a patient on anticoagulants uses Ginkgo Biloba?
Which action should be taken when a patient on anticoagulants uses Ginkgo Biloba?
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Which of these is NOT a common adverse effect of chronic corticosteroids?
Which of these is NOT a common adverse effect of chronic corticosteroids?
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What is the primary action of loop diuretics at the loop of Henle?
What is the primary action of loop diuretics at the loop of Henle?
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Which drug is known to be particularly useful for patients allergic to sulfonamides?
Which drug is known to be particularly useful for patients allergic to sulfonamides?
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What precautions should be taken when administering loop diuretics to older adults?
What precautions should be taken when administering loop diuretics to older adults?
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Which of the following is a potential side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?
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What should be monitored before therapy when using thiazide diuretics?
What should be monitored before therapy when using thiazide diuretics?
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Which herbal supplement is known to decrease blood pressure and increase blood flow to improve memory?
Which herbal supplement is known to decrease blood pressure and increase blood flow to improve memory?
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What is a potential risk of taking large amounts of black licorice over an extended period?
What is a potential risk of taking large amounts of black licorice over an extended period?
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Which herb is known to increase the effects of anticoagulants?
Which herb is known to increase the effects of anticoagulants?
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Which vitamin is known to enhance iron absorption and is used for improving wound healing?
Which vitamin is known to enhance iron absorption and is used for improving wound healing?
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Which herb should be avoided in individuals who are pregnant or have hormone-sensitive cancers?
Which herb should be avoided in individuals who are pregnant or have hormone-sensitive cancers?
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What effect does Kava Kava have on the body?
What effect does Kava Kava have on the body?
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Which of the following functions is NOT a role of the kidneys in homeostasis?
Which of the following functions is NOT a role of the kidneys in homeostasis?
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What is the primary function of Vitamin K in the body?
What is the primary function of Vitamin K in the body?
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What adverse effect is commonly associated with diuretic therapy?
What adverse effect is commonly associated with diuretic therapy?
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Which herbal supplement is beneficial for decreasing nausea and inflammation?
Which herbal supplement is beneficial for decreasing nausea and inflammation?
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What is the most abundant intracellular cation that plays a critical role in maintaining potassium balance?
What is the most abundant intracellular cation that plays a critical role in maintaining potassium balance?
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Which serum level indicates hyperkalemia?
Which serum level indicates hyperkalemia?
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What serious adverse effect should be monitored for in cases of hypermagnesemia?
What serious adverse effect should be monitored for in cases of hypermagnesemia?
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What is the primary treatment goal for pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's Disease?
What is the primary treatment goal for pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's Disease?
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Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Benztropine?
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Benztropine?
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What serum level indicates hypocalcemia?
What serum level indicates hypocalcemia?
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Which of these is a common side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors used in Alzheimer's Disease?
Which of these is a common side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors used in Alzheimer's Disease?
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What is a key consideration when administering Levodopa for Parkinson's Disease?
What is a key consideration when administering Levodopa for Parkinson's Disease?
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What is a typical adverse effect of Magnesium supplements due to overdose?
What is a typical adverse effect of Magnesium supplements due to overdose?
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Which condition is often a sign of hypercalcemia?
Which condition is often a sign of hypercalcemia?
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What distinguishes muscle spasticity from muscle spasms?
What distinguishes muscle spasticity from muscle spasms?
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What electrolyte imbalance can result from the use of loop and thiazide diuretics?
What electrolyte imbalance can result from the use of loop and thiazide diuretics?
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What is a common reason for using anticholinergic drugs in Parkinson's Disease?
What is a common reason for using anticholinergic drugs in Parkinson's Disease?
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Study Notes
Long-Term Corticosteroid Treatment
- Corticosteroids suppress inflammation and immune responses.
- Long-term use can lead to adrenal atrophy.
- Patients should avoid live vaccines while on long-term steroids.
- Rapid weight gain (over 2 lbs in a day) is a potential side effect.
- Higher doses lead to faster adrenal atrophy (2-4 weeks).
- Side effects include immune suppression, GI issues (bleeds/ulcers), osteoporosis, behavioral changes, and fluid retention.
- Drug interactions exist with potassium-wasting drugs and anticholinesterase agents.
Thyroid Gland Physiology
- Low blood levels trigger negative feedback.
- The hypothalamus releases TRH.
- The anterior pituitary releases TSH.
- The thyroid gland releases T3 and T4 hormones.
Thyroid Disorders Diagnosis
- TSH is the preferred lab value.
- Low TSH is a good indicator.
- Primary hypothyroidism involves low serum T4 and elevated TSH levels.
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with abnormal antithyroid antibodies.
Pharmacotherapy of Hypothyroid Disorders
- Drugs like phenytoin can accelerate the metabolism of levothyroxine.
- Foods like soybean flour and walnuts can affect levothyroxine absorption.
- Some herbs, like gingko biloba, can interact with anticoagulants.
Herb-Drug Interactions
- Ginkgo biloba can be dangerous for patients on anticoagulants.
- Ginseng can decrease blood sugar, blood pressure, and sexual function.
- It can also increases levels of CNS depressants and anticoagulants.
Other Herb-Drug Interactions
- Black licorice can increase blood pressure, decrease potassium, and increase digoxin, aspirin, and steroid effects.
- Ginger may lower nausea and inflammation but increase anticoagulant effects.
- Feverfew can decrease fever and inflammation but increase anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Garlic can thin the blood and increase immunity.
- Valerian can decrease anxiety and blood pressure but increases the effects of other CNS depressants like benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and anticonvulsants.
- Kava Kava can decrease stress and anxiety but increase the effects of CNS depressants.
- St. John's Wort can decrease depression and anxiety but increase the effects of other CNS depressants.
- Melatonin may decrease the effects of desipramine and fluoxetine.
- Saw Palmetto can decrease BPH symptoms but decrease iron absorption and interactions exist with oral contraceptives and finasteride.
- Turmeric may decrease inflammation but enhance the effects of anticoagulants, and may increase stomach acid.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the effects of long-term corticosteroid treatment and the physiology and disorders of the thyroid gland. This quiz covers important concepts such as hormone regulation, potential side effects of corticosteroids, and the diagnosis of thyroid disorders. Ideal for medical students and healthcare professionals.