Corticosteroids and Thyroid Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid use?

  • Stimulation of adrenal functionality
  • Increased appetite leading to rapid weight gain
  • Suppression of the immune system (correct)
  • Improved inflammatory responses
  • How does long-term steroid therapy affect adrenal function?

  • Enhances adrenal responsiveness
  • Causes adrenal atrophy from lack of stimulation (correct)
  • Leads to adrenal hypertrophy
  • Stimulates adrenal hormone production
  • Which laboratory value is preferred for diagnosing thyroid disorders?

  • T3 levels
  • T4 levels
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels (correct)
  • Thyroid antibodies
  • Which of the following interactions can accelerate the metabolism of levothyroxine?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary item should be avoided when taking levothyroxine due to potential interference?

    <p>Soybean flour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended monitoring practice for infants being treated for thyroid deficiency?

    <p>Monthly height and weight assessments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action should be taken when a patient on anticoagulants uses Ginkgo Biloba?

    <p>Educate on potential bleeding risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a common adverse effect of chronic corticosteroids?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of loop diuretics at the loop of Henle?

    <p>Block Na+ reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to be particularly useful for patients allergic to sulfonamides?

    <p>Ethacrynic Acid (Edecrin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precautions should be taken when administering loop diuretics to older adults?

    <p>Ensure access to a bathroom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of potassium-sparing diuretics?

    <p>Hyperkalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored before therapy when using thiazide diuretics?

    <p>Blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal supplement is known to decrease blood pressure and increase blood flow to improve memory?

    <p>Ginkgo-biloba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of taking large amounts of black licorice over an extended period?

    <p>Decreased potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb is known to increase the effects of anticoagulants?

    <p>Turmeric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is known to enhance iron absorption and is used for improving wound healing?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb should be avoided in individuals who are pregnant or have hormone-sensitive cancers?

    <p>Saw Palmetto</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Kava Kava have on the body?

    <p>Decreases anxiety and relaxes muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT a role of the kidneys in homeostasis?

    <p>Fat storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Vitamin K in the body?

    <p>Assists in RBC production and clotting factor synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is commonly associated with diuretic therapy?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herbal supplement is beneficial for decreasing nausea and inflammation?

    <p>Ginger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant intracellular cation that plays a critical role in maintaining potassium balance?

    <p>Potassium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which serum level indicates hyperkalemia?

    <p>Greater than 5 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serious adverse effect should be monitored for in cases of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Respiratory paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for pharmacotherapy in Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Balance dopamine and acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of Benztropine?

    <p>Closed-angle glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serum level indicates hypocalcemia?

    <p>Less than 2.1 mmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a common side effect of cholinesterase inhibitors used in Alzheimer's Disease?

    <p>Nausea and vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when administering Levodopa for Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Avoid alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical adverse effect of Magnesium supplements due to overdose?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is often a sign of hypercalcemia?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes muscle spasticity from muscle spasms?

    <p>Spasticity involves continuous contraction and greater pain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What electrolyte imbalance can result from the use of loop and thiazide diuretics?

    <p>Hypokalemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for using anticholinergic drugs in Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>To block excitatory actions of acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Long-Term Corticosteroid Treatment

    • Corticosteroids suppress inflammation and immune responses.
    • Long-term use can lead to adrenal atrophy.
    • Patients should avoid live vaccines while on long-term steroids.
    • Rapid weight gain (over 2 lbs in a day) is a potential side effect.
    • Higher doses lead to faster adrenal atrophy (2-4 weeks).
    • Side effects include immune suppression, GI issues (bleeds/ulcers), osteoporosis, behavioral changes, and fluid retention.
    • Drug interactions exist with potassium-wasting drugs and anticholinesterase agents.

    Thyroid Gland Physiology

    • Low blood levels trigger negative feedback.
    • The hypothalamus releases TRH.
    • The anterior pituitary releases TSH.
    • The thyroid gland releases T3 and T4 hormones.

    Thyroid Disorders Diagnosis

    • TSH is the preferred lab value.
    • Low TSH is a good indicator.
    • Primary hypothyroidism involves low serum T4 and elevated TSH levels.
    • Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with abnormal antithyroid antibodies.

    Pharmacotherapy of Hypothyroid Disorders

    • Drugs like phenytoin can accelerate the metabolism of levothyroxine.
    • Foods like soybean flour and walnuts can affect levothyroxine absorption.
    • Some herbs, like gingko biloba, can interact with anticoagulants.

    Herb-Drug Interactions

    • Ginkgo biloba can be dangerous for patients on anticoagulants.
    • Ginseng can decrease blood sugar, blood pressure, and sexual function.
    • It can also increases levels of CNS depressants and anticoagulants.

    Other Herb-Drug Interactions

    • Black licorice can increase blood pressure, decrease potassium, and increase digoxin, aspirin, and steroid effects.
    • Ginger may lower nausea and inflammation but increase anticoagulant effects.
    • Feverfew can decrease fever and inflammation but increase anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory effects.
    • Garlic can thin the blood and increase immunity.
    • Valerian can decrease anxiety and blood pressure but increases the effects of other CNS depressants like benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and anticonvulsants.
    • Kava Kava can decrease stress and anxiety but increase the effects of CNS depressants.
    • St. John's Wort can decrease depression and anxiety but increase the effects of other CNS depressants.
    • Melatonin may decrease the effects of desipramine and fluoxetine.
    • Saw Palmetto can decrease BPH symptoms but decrease iron absorption and interactions exist with oral contraceptives and finasteride.
    • Turmeric may decrease inflammation but enhance the effects of anticoagulants, and may increase stomach acid.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the effects of long-term corticosteroid treatment and the physiology and disorders of the thyroid gland. This quiz covers important concepts such as hormone regulation, potential side effects of corticosteroids, and the diagnosis of thyroid disorders. Ideal for medical students and healthcare professionals.

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