30 Questions
What is the purpose of the LAL assay?
To detect endotoxins in drugs and medical devices
What is a pathogenic property of fungi?
Production of proteases to prevent phagocytosis
What is the cause of inflammation following eye surgery?
Endotoxins in the solution used in eye surgery
What is a type of toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus?
Aflatoxin
How do some viruses evade host immune system?
By growing inside cells
What is a visible effect of viral infection?
Cytopathic effects
What are some symptoms of the 2019-nCoV?
Fever, cough, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing
What is a necessary factor for a disease to spread?
A continual source of the disease organisms
What do coronaviruses include?
A large family of viruses
What is the time interval between initial infection and the first appearance of signs and symptoms?
Incubation period
What is a characteristic of emerging infectious diseases?
They are new, increasing in incidence, or showing a potential to increase in the near future
What is a factor that can affect susceptibility to severe disease?
All of the above
What is the function of T-helper cells in the immune response?
Help with humoral and cellular immunity
Which type of cells directly kill virus-infected and tumor cells?
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes
What is the main function of B cells in the immune system?
Produce antibodies
Which cells are considered antigen-presenting cells?
Macrophages
What is the role of MHC glycoproteins in the immune system?
Facilitate antigen presentation
What is the purpose of cytokines in the immune response?
Regulate immune responses
What is the half-life of memory cells?
5 days
What is the primary mechanism of antibody diversity?
Somatic recombination
What is the role of T-helper cells in response to T-dependent antigens?
To activate B cells
What is the function of opsonization by antibodies?
To mark antigens for destruction
What is the term for the strength of the bond between antigen and antibody?
Affinity
How do B cells respond to T-independent antigens such as polysaccharides?
They produce a weak response with no memory cells
What determines the percentage of positive samples correctly detected by an antibody?
Polyclonal antibodies
In monoclonal antibodies, how many epitopes are typically targeted?
One
Which type of monoclonal antibodies are mostly human but have a mouse antigen-binding region?
Humanized MAbs
What is the process of generating monoclonal antibodies in the laboratory known as?
Hybridoma production
Which reaction involves the interaction of particulate antigens and antibodies?
Agglutination reaction
Which system is NOT mentioned for the potential production of monoclonal antibodies on a large scale?
Hybridoma systems
Test your knowledge on the development and stages of coronavirus disease, including symptoms, risk factors, and predisposing factors. Learn about the characteristics of coronaviruses and their impact on public health.
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