Coronavirus Disease Development and Stages Quiz

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What is the purpose of the LAL assay?

To detect endotoxins in drugs and medical devices (correct)
To detect fungal infections
To identify protozoa and helminths
To test for viral toxins

What is a pathogenic property of fungi?

Production of toxins
Evasion of host immune system by growing inside cells
Production of proteases to prevent phagocytosis (correct)
All of the above

What is the cause of inflammation following eye surgery?

Endotoxins in the solution used in eye surgery (correct)
Presence of protozoa
Viral infection
Fungal infection

What is a type of toxin produced by Aspergillus flavus?

Aflatoxin (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do some viruses evade host immune system?

By growing inside cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a visible effect of viral infection?

Cytopathic effects (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are some symptoms of the 2019-nCoV?

Fever, cough, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary factor for a disease to spread?

A continual source of the disease organisms (B) Signup and view all the answers

What do coronaviruses include?

A large family of viruses (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the time interval between initial infection and the first appearance of signs and symptoms?

Incubation period (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of emerging infectious diseases?

They are new, increasing in incidence, or showing a potential to increase in the near future (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that can affect susceptibility to severe disease?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T-helper cells in the immune response?

Help with humoral and cellular immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells directly kill virus-infected and tumor cells?

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of B cells in the immune system?

Produce antibodies (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are considered antigen-presenting cells?

Macrophages (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of MHC glycoproteins in the immune system?

Facilitate antigen presentation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytokines in the immune response?

Regulate immune responses (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the half-life of memory cells?

5 days (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of antibody diversity?

Somatic recombination (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T-helper cells in response to T-dependent antigens?

To activate B cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of opsonization by antibodies?

To mark antigens for destruction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the strength of the bond between antigen and antibody?

Affinity (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do B cells respond to T-independent antigens such as polysaccharides?

They produce a weak response with no memory cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What determines the percentage of positive samples correctly detected by an antibody?

Polyclonal antibodies (D) Signup and view all the answers

In monoclonal antibodies, how many epitopes are typically targeted?

One (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of monoclonal antibodies are mostly human but have a mouse antigen-binding region?

Humanized MAbs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of generating monoclonal antibodies in the laboratory known as?

Hybridoma production (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which reaction involves the interaction of particulate antigens and antibodies?

Agglutination reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which system is NOT mentioned for the potential production of monoclonal antibodies on a large scale?

Hybridoma systems (D) Signup and view all the answers