57 Questions
Which artery quickly divides into the circumflex artery and the left anterior descending artery?
Left coronary artery
What vessel accompanies the left anterior descending artery?
Great cardiac vein
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does almost all coronary blood flow occur?
Diastole
What determines myocardial O2 supply based on the text?
Diastolic time, coronary O2 content, and coronary resistance
What is the driving pressure for coronary perfusion gradient calculation in diastole?
Aortic root pressure
Which vessel drains the coronary veins and runs in a groove between atria and ventricles?
Coronary sinus
What determines coronary blood flow according to the text?
[Hb] & type, 2,3-BPG levels
True or False: Resistance vessel tone affects myocardial O2 demand.
False
True or False: The majority of coronary blood flow occurs during systole.
False
True or False: Coronary O2 supply depends solely on coronary resistance.
False
What is the primary reason vessels get compressed during systole due to myocardial compression?
LV pressure > Aortic root pressure
What factor decreases resistance to allow more flow in coronary vessels?
High PO2
Which factor plays a crucial role in determining resting resistance vessel tone?
Heart metabolic state
What protects against wall stress in the myocardium?
Myocardial hypertrophy
What is the relationship between ventricular end diastolic volume and ventricular performance known as?
Frank-Starling relationship
Complete the statement: Myocardium depends entirely on ____________ for meeting its oxygen demand.
Aerobic metabolism
Inadequate perfusion leading to angina is a result of:
Coronary artery plaque reducing blood flow
What level of stenosis in coronary vessels typically leads to stable angina during exercise?
~75%
What is the primary manifestation of a complete occlusion of coronary vessels?
STEMI
What does myocardial hypertrophy do to protect the heart from wall stress?
Increases wall thickness
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does almost all coronary blood flow occur?
Early diastole
What factor primarily determines myocardial O2 supply based on the text?
Coronary O2 content
What is the primary manifestation of a complete occlusion of coronary vessels?
Myocardial infarction
Which vessel is responsible for draining the coronary veins according to the text?
Coronary sinus
What is the driving pressure for coronary perfusion gradient calculation in diastole?
$90 - 10$
What factor protects against wall stress in the myocardium?
$2,3-BPG$ availability
True or False: The majority of coronary blood flow takes place during systole.
False
What is the primary mechanism responsible for the compression of vessels during systole due to myocardial compression?
Equivalence of aortic root pressure and LV pressure
Which of the following factors is NOT a determinant of resting resistance vessel tone according to the text?
Myocardial blood oxygen level
What effect does myocardial hypertrophy have on protecting the heart from wall stress?
Reduces wall stress
How is myocardial O2 demand primarily met according to the information provided?
Through aerobic metabolism
Which factor is NOT involved in determining myocardial O2 demand according to the text?
Ventricular performance
What factor plays a significant role in decreasing resistance to allow more flow in coronary vessels?
Increased K+ levels
Which of the following is a neurogenic factor that contributes to resting resistance vessel tone?
Receptors that vasoconstrict
What happens when there is inadequate perfusion leading to angina?
Myocardial ischemia
What determines coronary blood flow primarily according to the text?
Metabolic state of the heart
What causes stable angina according to the text?
Inadequate perfusion during rest
What determines coronary resistance according to the text?
Tone & stenoses of conductance vessels
During which phase of the cardiac cycle does almost all coronary blood flow occur?
Diastole
What primarily determines myocardial O2 supply based on the text?
Coronary perfusion gradient
How does myocardial hypertrophy contribute to protecting the heart from wall stress?
By enhancing myocardial compression
Which factor plays a significant role in decreasing resistance to allow more flow in coronary vessels?
Coronary O2 content availability
What is the driving pressure for coronary perfusion gradient calculation in diastole?
$120 - 90$
What protects against wall stress in the myocardium?
$2,3$-BPG availability
True or False: The majority of coronary blood flow takes place during systole.
False
True or False: Resistance vessel tone affects myocardial O2 demand.
False
What happens when there is inadequate perfusion leading to angina?
Myocardial infarction
What determines the resting resistance vessel tone primarily?
Myocardial metabolism
Which factor significantly contributes to decreasing resistance in coronary vessels to allow more flow?
Adenosine
What factor has the most significant impact on decreasing resistance to allow more flow in coronary vessels?
Adenosine
Which factor is NOT involved in determining the myocardial O2 demand?
Oxygen tension
How is myocardial O2 demand principally met?
Coronary blood flow
What is the role of endothelin in coronary vessels?
Increasing resistance
Which factor primarily determines myocardial O2 supply based on the text?
Coronary blood flow
What is the main role of nitric oxide in coronary vessels?
Vasodilation
What is the primary way myocardial O2 demand is met according to the text?
Myocardium metabolism
What plays the most important role in determining the resting resistance vessel tone according to the information provided?
Metabolic factors
This quiz covers the key coronary arteries such as the right and left coronary arteries which arise from the root of the aorta, as well as the coronary veins including the great cardiac vein and coronary sinus. Explore the structures responsible for supplying and draining blood in the heart.
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