Coronary Arteries and Complications of Myocardial Infarction Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of infective endocarditis is characterized by a slower progression and better prognosis?

  • Both Acute and Subacute Infective Endocarditis have similar prognosis
  • Infective endocarditis does not have different forms
  • Acute Infective Endocarditis
  • Subacute Infective Endocarditis (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a common complication of infective endocarditis?

  • Development of brain abscesses
  • Obstruction of the valve orifice
  • Rupture of the chordae tendineae
  • Systemic emboli causing infarcts (correct)
  • What is the main histological feature of the vegetations seen in infective endocarditis?

  • Absence of inflammatory cells
  • Presence of smooth muscle cells
  • Predominance of connective tissue
  • Large number of organisms, fibrin, and blood cells (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a key component of the normal blood vessel histology?

    <p>Nerve cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arteriosclerosis is characterized by the formation of atheroma?

    <p>Atherosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary histological change seen in the blood vessel wall during arteriosclerosis?

    <p>Thickening and loss of elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common coronary artery involved in myocardial infarction?

    <p>Left anterior descending artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery supplies the lateral left ventricle?

    <p>Left circumflex coronary artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication of myocardial infarction can lead to hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade?

    <p>External rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication of myocardial infarction is characterized by showering of blood emboli?

    <p>Mural thrombi formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of death in myocardial infarction?

    <p>Arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of sudden cardiac deaths are due to fatal arrhythmias?

    <p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gross appearance of the heart in decompensated hypertensive heart disease (HHD)?

    <p>Dilatation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is characterized by large fibers with large nuclei and later interstitial fibrosis in its histology?

    <p>Hypertensive Heart Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of death in Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD)?

    <p>Congestive heart failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic feature of compensated Hypertensive Heart Disease?

    <p>Concentric hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Hypertensive Heart Disease, what leads to an increase in oxygen demand and decreased compliance due to increased thickness of the myocardium?

    <p>Concentric hypertrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart disease is characterized by stages of compensated HHD with concentric hypertrophy progressing to heart failure with ventricular dilatation?

    <p>Myocardial diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action in acute rheumatic fever?

    <p>Antibody against streptolysin O and DNase B of bacteria reacts with glycoprotein in the heart, joints, and other tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is most commonly affected by acute rheumatic fever?

    <p>School-aged children (5-15 years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following histological features is characteristic of acute rheumatic carditis?

    <p>Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes and macrophages, forming Aschoff bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart valve is most commonly affected in acute rheumatic carditis?

    <p>Mitral valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart is affected by the formation of small vegetations or fibrinous clots along the lines of valve closure in acute rheumatic carditis?

    <p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the joint involvement in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Acute rheumatic fever affects large joints, while rheumatoid arthritis affects small joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor increases the risk of intermittent claudication?

    <p>Hyperlipidemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of blood pressure, why is BP 169/95 more concerning than BP 140/90 for men between 45-62 years?

    <p>Higher chance of developing ischemic heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dietary fat is considered 'bad' and linked to increased cardiovascular risk?

    <p>Cholesterol and saturated fats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does smoking impact lipid levels and atherosclerosis development?

    <p>Decrease HDL levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle factor is considered modifiable and linked to an increased risk of heart diseases?

    <p>Obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major difference between LDL and HDL in relation to cholesterol management?

    <p>LDL increases cardiovascular risk while HDL is protective</p> Signup and view all the answers

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