Coronary Arteries and Complications of Myocardial Infarction Quiz

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Which type of infective endocarditis is characterized by a slower progression and better prognosis?

Both Acute and Subacute Infective Endocarditis have similar prognosis

Infective endocarditis does not have different forms

Acute Infective Endocarditis

Subacute Infective Endocarditis (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a common complication of infective endocarditis?

Development of brain abscesses

Obstruction of the valve orifice

Rupture of the chordae tendineae

Systemic emboli causing infarcts (correct)

What is the main histological feature of the vegetations seen in infective endocarditis?

Absence of inflammatory cells

Presence of smooth muscle cells

Predominance of connective tissue

Large number of organisms, fibrin, and blood cells (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a key component of the normal blood vessel histology?

Nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arteriosclerosis is characterized by the formation of atheroma?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary histological change seen in the blood vessel wall during arteriosclerosis?

Thickening and loss of elasticity Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common coronary artery involved in myocardial infarction?

Left anterior descending artery Signup and view all the answers

Which artery supplies the lateral left ventricle?

Left circumflex coronary artery Signup and view all the answers

What complication of myocardial infarction can lead to hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade?

External rupture Signup and view all the answers

Which complication of myocardial infarction is characterized by showering of blood emboli?

Mural thrombi formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of death in myocardial infarction?

Arrhythmias Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of sudden cardiac deaths are due to fatal arrhythmias?

75% Signup and view all the answers

What is the gross appearance of the heart in decompensated hypertensive heart disease (HHD)?

Dilatation Signup and view all the answers

Which disease is characterized by large fibers with large nuclei and later interstitial fibrosis in its histology?

Hypertensive Heart Disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death in Hypertensive Heart Disease (HHD)?

Congestive heart failure Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of compensated Hypertensive Heart Disease?

Concentric hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

In Hypertensive Heart Disease, what leads to an increase in oxygen demand and decreased compliance due to increased thickness of the myocardium?

Concentric hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which heart disease is characterized by stages of compensated HHD with concentric hypertrophy progressing to heart failure with ventricular dilatation?

Myocardial diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action in acute rheumatic fever?

Antibody against streptolysin O and DNase B of bacteria reacts with glycoprotein in the heart, joints, and other tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by acute rheumatic fever?

School-aged children (5-15 years) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following histological features is characteristic of acute rheumatic carditis?

Fibrinoid necrosis surrounded by lymphocytes and macrophages, forming Aschoff bodies Signup and view all the answers

Which heart valve is most commonly affected in acute rheumatic carditis?

Mitral valve Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the heart is affected by the formation of small vegetations or fibrinous clots along the lines of valve closure in acute rheumatic carditis?

Endocardium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the joint involvement in acute rheumatic fever and rheumatoid arthritis?

Acute rheumatic fever affects large joints, while rheumatoid arthritis affects small joints Signup and view all the answers

Which factor increases the risk of intermittent claudication?

Hyperlipidemia Signup and view all the answers

In terms of blood pressure, why is BP 169/95 more concerning than BP 140/90 for men between 45-62 years?

Higher chance of developing ischemic heart disease Signup and view all the answers

Which type of dietary fat is considered 'bad' and linked to increased cardiovascular risk?

Cholesterol and saturated fats Signup and view all the answers

How does smoking impact lipid levels and atherosclerosis development?

Decrease HDL levels Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor is considered modifiable and linked to an increased risk of heart diseases?

Obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the major difference between LDL and HDL in relation to cholesterol management?

LDL increases cardiovascular risk while HDL is protective Signup and view all the answers