Core Conservative Thinkers and Their Ideas
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What was Thomas Hobbes' view of human nature?

  • Humans are inherently good but corrupted by society.
  • Humans are rational beings who seek harmony.
  • Humans are naturally selfish and prone to conflict. (correct)
  • Humans are naturally peaceful and cooperative.

    • What does the 'state of nature' describe according to Hobbes?

  • A life characterized by cooperation and mutual support.
  • An ideal society free from all authority.
  • A hypothetical state where life would be chaotic and dangerous. (correct)
  • A political framework promoting equality and freedom.

    • How did Edmund Burke view society?

  • As a collection of individual rights and freedoms.
  • As a hierarchical structure based solely on power.
  • As an organic entity that evolves and binds generations. (correct)
  • As a static structure that resists change.

    • Why did Burke reject the French Revolution?

    <p>He opposed its violent and radical rejection of tradition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Michael Oakeshott mean by 'rationalism in politics'?

    <p>A method of designing society through abstract theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ayn Rand's central belief in her philosophy of objectivism?

    <p>Rational self-interest and individual freedom should be prioritized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Robert Nozick's view on redistributive taxation?

    <p>It violates individual liberty and rightful earnings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Nozick's 'entitlement theory' of justice?

    <p>Justice arises from fair acquisition and voluntary exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Hobbes believe order should be maintained?

    <p>By promoting a strong and central authority through social contracts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which idea did Michael Oakeshott emphasize about governance?

    <p>Pragmatic governance should prioritize familiarity and tradition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Burke's concept of change from radical ideologies?

    <p>Burke supported gradual, evolutionary change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hobbes' idea of the 'Leviathan' represent?

    <p>A powerful state necessary to prevent anarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Oakeshott’s perspective on human nature relate to conservatism?

    <p>He viewed humans as fallible and unpredictable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Rand's perspective on capitalism?

    <p>Capitalism is the only moral system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Nozick significant in the context of libertarian conservatism?

    <p>He stressed the importance of personal liberty and minimal state involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do Burke's 'little platoons' illustrate about conservatism?

    <p>The importance of local communities for social stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common theme exists among the views of Hobbes, Burke, and Oakeshott?

    <p>All three emphasize authority, tradition, and social order.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does Rand support her view of capitalism?

    <p>By highlighting its role in individual prosperity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept aligns with Oakeshott's view on governance?

    <p>Stable governance recognizing human unpredictability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between Burke and revolutionary thought?

    <p>Burke supported gradual change rather than violent upheaval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hobbes believe is required due to humanity's competitive nature?

    <p>A strong authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect does Burke emphasize as crucial for social stability?

    <p>Tradition and gradual change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a central tenet of Oakeshott's view regarding governance?

    <p>Pragmatic governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Ayn Rand view government intervention in welfare?

    <p>As detrimental to freedom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best reflects Nozick's position on the state?

    <p>It should focus solely on protecting rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Nozick's 'entitlement theory' state about justice?

    <p>Justice comes from fair acquisition and exchange.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Burke's stance on the French Revolution?

    <p>He opposed its radical rejection of tradition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is emphasized by Hobbes regarding life without authority?

    <p>It would lead to chaos and conflict.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a similarity in the views of Hobbes and Nozick regarding governance?

    <p>Both value individual rights and protection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Oakeshott's critique of rationalism influence his political thought?

    <p>It favors practical knowledge over idealism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method of change does Burke advocate for in contrast to revolutionary approaches?

    <p>Gradual, evolutionary change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does Hobbes assign to the 'Leviathan' in society?

    <p>A powerful state to prevent anarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Oakeshott's view on human nature impact governance?

    <p>It advocates for cautious governance due to human fallibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rand, what is the moral system that aligns with respect for individual freedom?

    <p>Capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect does Nozick associate with libertarian conservatism?

    <p>Emphasis on personal liberty and minimal state involvement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept does Burke's idea of 'little platoons' most closely relate to?

    <p>The role of local communities in social order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common belief do Hobbes, Burke, and Oakeshott share regarding societal order?

    <p>Order is maintained through authority and tradition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Burke's perspective differ from radical ideologies regarding societal change?

    <p>He supports gradual change over sudden revolutionary shifts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements aligns with Rand's beliefs about capitalism?

    <p>It provides incentives for talent and effort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of governance does Oakeshott believe is necessary for managing human unpredictability?

    <p>Careful and considered governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Core Conservative Thinkers and Their Ideas

    • Hobbes' view of human nature: Humans are naturally selfish, competitive, and prone to conflict, needing a strong authority to maintain order.
    • Hobbes' "state of nature": A hypothetical state where life without authority is "nasty, brutish, and short".
    • Purpose of the state (Hobbes): To impose order and prevent chaos through a social contract where individuals surrender some freedom for security.
    • Burke's contribution to conservatism: Emphasizing tradition, gradual change, and respect for established institutions for social stability.
    • Burke's view of society: An organic entity evolving over time, connecting generations through shared tradition and values.
    • Burke's rejection of the French Revolution: He opposed its radical rejection of tradition and violent pursuit of abstract principles.
    • Oakeshott's idea about politics: Politics should focus on practical governance, preferring familiarity and tradition over idealistic schemes.
    • Oakeshott's "rationalism in politics": Critiquing attempts to design society with abstract theories, favoring practical knowledge as more important.
    • Rand's Objectivism: Emphasizing rational self-interest, individual freedom, and a limited state for protecting personal liberties.
    • Rand's view on welfare and state intervention: Opposed welfare and state intervention, arguing they hinder individual responsibility and freedom.
    • Nozick's view on the state: Advocating for a minimal state focused solely on protecting individual rights (e.g., property and safety).
    • Nozick's rejection of redistributive taxation: He argued it violates individual liberty by forcing individuals to give up their earnings.
    • Nozick's entitlement theory of justice: Justice arises when individuals acquire property through fair means and voluntary exchange.
    • Burke's concept of change: Burke supported gradual, evolutionary change, unlike radical ideologies.
    • Hobbes' Leviathan: A powerful state or sovereign authority needed to prevent anarchy and maintain peace.
    • Oakeshott's view of human nature: Humans are fallible and unpredictable, requiring cautious governance and stability.
    • Rand's view on capitalism: Viewed capitalism as the only moral system respecting individual freedom and rewarding effort/talent.
    • Nozick's association with libertarian conservatism: Highlighting the importance of personal liberty, a free market, and minimal state involvement in people's lives.
    • Burke's "little platoons": Reflecting the importance of local communities and institutions for maintaining social stability and values.
    • Common thread in Hobbes, Burke, and Oakeshott: All emphasize the importance of authority, tradition, and pragmatism in maintaining social order.

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    Conservative Thinkers & Ideas PDF

    Description

    Explore the foundational ideas of core conservative thinkers such as Hobbes, Burke, and Oakeshott. Understand how their views on human nature, society, and governance shape conservative philosophy. Delve into the implications of their ideas on tradition, authority, and social stability.

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