Introduction to Conservatism

Definition and Overview

• Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the preservation of traditional institutions, customs, and values.
• It emphasizes the importance of social hierarchy, authority, and morality in maintaining social order.

Core Principles

• Tradition: Conservatives believe in the importance of preserving traditional institutions, customs, and values.
• Authority: Conservatives believe in the importance of authority and social hierarchy in maintaining social order.
• Morality: Conservatives believe in the importance of morality and moral values in guiding individual and collective behavior.
• Gradual Change: Conservatives believe in gradual, incremental change rather than radical or revolutionary change.

Key Characteristics

• Caution: Conservatives tend to be cautious and skeptical of rapid change, preferring gradual and incremental reforms.
• Pragmatism: Conservatives prioritize practical solutions over ideological purity.
• Nationalism: Conservatives often prioritize national interests and sovereignty over international cooperation and global governance.
• Free Markets: Conservatives often support free market economics and limited government intervention in the economy.

Historical Development

• Edmund Burke: Considered the father of modern conservatism, Burke argued that social change should be gradual and respectful of tradition.
• 19th Century: Conservatism emerged as a distinct political movement in response to the French Revolution and the rise of liberalism.
• 20th Century: Conservatism evolved in response to the challenges of socialism, communism, and fascism.

Notable Conservative Thinkers and Politicians

• Edmund Burke
• Adam Smith
• Margaret Thatcher
• Ronald Reagan
• Russell Kirk