Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main objective of the National Tuberculosis Control Program?
What is the main objective of the National Tuberculosis Control Program?
- To improve the quality of life for all patients.
- To promote the use of single drug formulations over fixed-dose combinations.
- To eradicate all infectious diseases.
- To ensure affordable access to TB DOTS services. (correct)
Which of the following best describes a contagious disease?
Which of the following best describes a contagious disease?
- A disorder that is only transmitted via contaminated food.
- A disease caused by bacteria only.
- A disease that requires airborne transmission for spread.
- An infectious disease that spreads rapidly through direct or indirect contact. (correct)
What is a common characteristic shared by communicable and infectious diseases?
What is a common characteristic shared by communicable and infectious diseases?
- Neither can be treated with antibiotics.
- Both can only be prevented by vaccination.
- Both always cause severe illness.
- Both can be transmitted between individuals. (correct)
Which of the following statements accurately describes the components of the DOTS strategy?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the components of the DOTS strategy?
Which disease-causing organisms are implied to be normally harmless until certain conditions arise?
Which disease-causing organisms are implied to be normally harmless until certain conditions arise?
What distinguishes a communicable disease from an infectious disease?
What distinguishes a communicable disease from an infectious disease?
Which formulation of anti-TB drugs is composed of two or more first-line anti-TB drugs in one tablet?
Which formulation of anti-TB drugs is composed of two or more first-line anti-TB drugs in one tablet?
What method spreads communicable diseases through contact with contaminated objects?
What method spreads communicable diseases through contact with contaminated objects?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five elements of DOTS for TB management?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five elements of DOTS for TB management?
What is the typical treatment duration for Multibacillary leprosy?
What is the typical treatment duration for Multibacillary leprosy?
What is a significant administration requirement for chloroquine chemoprophylaxis in pregnant women?
What is a significant administration requirement for chloroquine chemoprophylaxis in pregnant women?
Which drug is NOT included in the ROM regimen for treating a patient with a single skin lesion of leprosy?
Which drug is NOT included in the ROM regimen for treating a patient with a single skin lesion of leprosy?
Which vector control measure is aimed at preventing malaria transmission?
Which vector control measure is aimed at preventing malaria transmission?
Which of the following forms of leprosy is classified as non-infectious?
Which of the following forms of leprosy is classified as non-infectious?
What is the main thrust of the Dengue Control Program?
What is the main thrust of the Dengue Control Program?
Regarding anti-TB drugs, which of the following is NOT a requirement for the DOTS strategy?
Regarding anti-TB drugs, which of the following is NOT a requirement for the DOTS strategy?
What is the primary objective of the Four-o'clock Habit initiative?
What is the primary objective of the Four-o'clock Habit initiative?
Which age group is specifically targeted during the Ligtas Tigdas 2004 vaccination month?
Which age group is specifically targeted during the Ligtas Tigdas 2004 vaccination month?
Which of the following vaccines is included in the trivalent measles vaccine?
Which of the following vaccines is included in the trivalent measles vaccine?
What is the causative agent of Bird Flu or Avian Influenza?
What is the causative agent of Bird Flu or Avian Influenza?
What is a crucial step in the treatment of Bird Flu in humans?
What is a crucial step in the treatment of Bird Flu in humans?
What should be done before and after handling live and dressed chicken to ensure safety?
What should be done before and after handling live and dressed chicken to ensure safety?
What is advised against when keeping chickens and other birds?
What is advised against when keeping chickens and other birds?
What personal protective measure should be taken when handling sick birds?
What personal protective measure should be taken when handling sick birds?
Study Notes
Communicable Diseases Overview
- Spread from person to person through blood, bodily fluids, airborne viruses, or insect bites.
- Contagious diseases spread rapidly through direct, indirect, or droplet contact.
- Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, which can be harmless under normal conditions.
Differences Between Disease Types
- All communicable diseases are infectious, but not all infectious diseases are communicable.
- Infectious diseases spread through physical contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces.
Control Programs by DOH
Tuberculosis (TB)
- Causative agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- National Tuberculosis Control Program aims to provide DOTS services: Directly Observed Treatment Short-course.
- Key elements of DOTS:
- Political commitment.
- Quality sputum microscopy for diagnosis.
- Regular supply of anti-TB drugs.
- Standardized TB data reporting.
- Supervised treatment by a partner.
Leprosy
- Causative agent: Mycobacterium leprae.
- Treated with multi-drug therapy (MDT) and home treatment as per R.A. 4073.
- WHO classification of leprosy:
- Paucibacillary: Non-infectious, 6-9 months treatment with Rifampicin and Dapsone.
- Multibacillary: Infectious, 24-30 months treatment including Rifampicin, Clofazimine, and Dapsone.
Malaria
- Causative agents: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.
- Chemoprophylaxis includes weekly chloroquine for travelers and continuous treatment for pregnant women.
- Vector control measures:
- Mosquito net insecticides.
- House spraying and stream management.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
- Transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
- Focus on community-based prevention; initiatives like the “Four-o'clock Habit” encourage cleanliness to reduce mosquito breeding.
- Known as “operation kaya–kulub” in local context.
Measles
- Causative agent: Paramyxovirus.
- “Ligtas Tigdas 2004” program targets high-risk children (9 months to under 8 years) for vaccination.
- Trivalent measles vaccine (MMR vaccine) and Vitamin A supplements given to young children to combat measles.
Bird Flu (Avian Influenza)
- Causative agent: H5N1 virus.
- Treatment involves antiviral drugs like Oseltamivir within the first 2 days of fever onset.
- Prevention measures:
- Thorough handwashing when handling poultry.
- Proper cooking of chicken.
- Segregating live birds to prevent cross-contamination.
- Reporting unusual animal illnesses to authorities.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the various programs implemented by the Department of Health (DOH) to manage and control communicable diseases. It explores how these diseases are transmitted and the strategies employed to prevent their spread. Test your knowledge on the importance of disease control and public health measures.
