Control of Communicable Diseases SMD

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Questions and Answers

What is the main objective of the National Tuberculosis Control Program?

To improve the quality of life for all patients.

To promote the use of single drug formulations over fixed-dose combinations.

To eradicate all infectious diseases.

To ensure affordable access to TB DOTS services. (correct)

Which of the following best describes a contagious disease?

A disorder that is only transmitted via contaminated food.

A disease caused by bacteria only.

A disease that requires airborne transmission for spread.

An infectious disease that spreads rapidly through direct or indirect contact. (correct)

What is a common characteristic shared by communicable and infectious diseases?

Neither can be treated with antibiotics.

Both can only be prevented by vaccination.

Both always cause severe illness.

Both can be transmitted between individuals. (correct)

Which of the following statements accurately describes the components of the DOTS strategy?

It involves a directly observed treatment for tuberculosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which disease-causing organisms are implied to be normally harmless until certain conditions arise?

Bacteria indigenous to the digestive tract. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a communicable disease from an infectious disease?

All communicable diseases are infectious, but not all infectious diseases are communicable. Signup and view all the answers

Which formulation of anti-TB drugs is composed of two or more first-line anti-TB drugs in one tablet?

Fixed-dose combination (FDC) Signup and view all the answers

What method spreads communicable diseases through contact with contaminated objects?

Indirect contact. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the five elements of DOTS for TB management?

Isolation of TB patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical treatment duration for Multibacillary leprosy?

24 to 30 months Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant administration requirement for chloroquine chemoprophylaxis in pregnant women?

Administer once weekly during the entire duration of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is NOT included in the ROM regimen for treating a patient with a single skin lesion of leprosy?

Clofazimine Signup and view all the answers

Which vector control measure is aimed at preventing malaria transmission?

House Spraying Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms of leprosy is classified as non-infectious?

Paucibacillary Signup and view all the answers

What is the main thrust of the Dengue Control Program?

Community-based prevention and control Signup and view all the answers

Regarding anti-TB drugs, which of the following is NOT a requirement for the DOTS strategy?

Direct administration by healthcare personnel Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of the Four-o'clock Habit initiative?

To prevent the spread of mosquitoes. Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is specifically targeted during the Ligtas Tigdas 2004 vaccination month?

Children aged 9 months to less than 8 years. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following vaccines is included in the trivalent measles vaccine?

MMR vaccine against mumps, measles, and rubella. Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of Bird Flu or Avian Influenza?

H5N1 virus. Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial step in the treatment of Bird Flu in humans?

Use of antiviral drugs like Osetalmivir. Signup and view all the answers

What should be done before and after handling live and dressed chicken to ensure safety?

Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water. Signup and view all the answers

What is advised against when keeping chickens and other birds?

Selling them alongside pigs. Signup and view all the answers

What personal protective measure should be taken when handling sick birds?

Wearing gloves. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communicable Diseases Overview

Spread from person to person through blood, bodily fluids, airborne viruses, or insect bites.
Contagious diseases spread rapidly through direct, indirect, or droplet contact.
Infectious diseases are caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, which can be harmless under normal conditions.

Differences Between Disease Types

All communicable diseases are infectious, but not all infectious diseases are communicable.
Infectious diseases spread through physical contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces.

Control Programs by DOH

Tuberculosis (TB)

Causative agent: Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
National Tuberculosis Control Program aims to provide DOTS services: Directly Observed Treatment Short-course.
Key elements of DOTS:
- Political commitment.
- Quality sputum microscopy for diagnosis.
- Regular supply of anti-TB drugs.
- Standardized TB data reporting.
- Supervised treatment by a partner.

Leprosy

Causative agent: Mycobacterium leprae.
Treated with multi-drug therapy (MDT) and home treatment as per R.A. 4073.
WHO classification of leprosy:
- Paucibacillary: Non-infectious, 6-9 months treatment with Rifampicin and Dapsone.
- Multibacillary: Infectious, 24-30 months treatment including Rifampicin, Clofazimine, and Dapsone.

Malaria

Causative agents: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.
Chemoprophylaxis includes weekly chloroquine for travelers and continuous treatment for pregnant women.
Vector control measures:
- Mosquito net insecticides.
- House spraying and stream management.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
Focus on community-based prevention; initiatives like the “Four-o'clock Habit” encourage cleanliness to reduce mosquito breeding.
Known as “operation kaya–kulub” in local context.

Measles

Causative agent: Paramyxovirus.
“Ligtas Tigdas 2004” program targets high-risk children (9 months to under 8 years) for vaccination.
Trivalent measles vaccine (MMR vaccine) and Vitamin A supplements given to young children to combat measles.

Bird Flu (Avian Influenza)

Causative agent: H5N1 virus.
Treatment involves antiviral drugs like Oseltamivir within the first 2 days of fever onset.
Prevention measures:
- Thorough handwashing when handling poultry.
- Proper cooking of chicken.
- Segregating live birds to prevent cross-contamination.
- Reporting unusual animal illnesses to authorities.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the various programs implemented by the Department of Health (DOH) to manage and control communicable diseases. It explores how these diseases are transmitted and the strategies employed to prevent their spread. Test your knowledge on the importance of disease control and public health measures.