Lec.-7.-DOH-Control-of-Communicable-Diseases.pptx

Control of Communicable Diseases SMD Learning Objectives  Learn the different programs of DOH in the control of communicable diseases  Communicable Diseases  is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blo...

Control of Communicable Diseases SMD Learning Objectives  Learn the different programs of DOH in the control of communicable diseases  Communicable Diseases  is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.  Contagious Diseases  A communicable disease that can spread rapidly from person to person through direct contact (touching a person who has the infection), indirect contact (touching a contaminated object), or droplet contact (inhaling droplets made when a person who has the infection coughs, sneezes, or talks).  Infectious Disease  disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites.  Many organisms live in and on our bodies.  They're normally harmless or even helpful. But under certain conditions, some organisms may cause disease.  Difference between communicable, infectious and contagious diseases  Communicable diseases are infectious diseases.  An infectious disease is contagious when it spreads through direct, bodily contact with an infected person, their discharges, or an object or surface they've contaminated.  Communicable Disease Prevention and Control OF DOH A. Tuberculosis – CA= Mycobacterium tubercle  National Tuberculosis Control Program  Mission: Ensure that TB DOTS services are available, accessible and affordable to the communities  Two Formulation of Anti-TB drugs  Fixed-dose combination (FDC) – two or more first line anti-TB drugs are combined in one tablet.  Single drug formulation (SDF) – each drug is prepared individually.  DOTS Strategy  D.O.T.S. - Directly Observed Treatment Short-course.  It is a comprehensive strategy endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (IUATLD) to detect and cure TB patients  There are five elements of DOTS that need to be fulfilled.  These are: 1. Political commitment 2. Quality sputum microscopy for diagnosis 3. Regular supply of anti-TB drugs 4. Standardized recording and reporting of TB data 5. Supervised treatment by a treatment partner B. Leprosy – Hansen’s Dse CA = M. leprae  Management / Treatment  Ambulatory chemotherapy through use of multi-drug therapy  Domicilliary treatment as embodied in R.A. 4073 which advocates home treatment WHO classification of Leprosy, which is the basis of modern management, or MDT:  Paucibacillary (tuberculoid and indeterminate)  Non-infectious type  Duration of treatment 6 to 9 months  Rifampicin and Dapsone  Multibacillary (Lepromatous and borderline)  Infectious type  Duration of treatment 24 to 30 month  Rifampicin, Clofazimine, Dapsone  *** Patient with single skin lesion and a negative slit skin smear may be treated with a sing dose of the ROM regimen (rifampicin, ofloxacin, minocycline)  ***Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) is the use of 2 or more drugs for the treatment of leprosy C. Malaria – CA P. falciparum and P. vivax  Chemoprophylaxis:  Chloroquine drug – taken at weekly intervals starting from 1 – 2 weeks before entering the endemic area.  In Pregnant women – it is given throughout the duration of pregnancy 2tab of chloroquine 150mg every week  Sustainable Preventive and Vector Control Measures  Insecticides – Treatment of Mosquito net  House Spraying  On Stream Seeding  On Stream Clearing D. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever – Aedes egypti  The thrust of the Dengue Control Program is directed towards community-based prevention and control in endemic areas.  Four-o'clock Habit (“4 o’clock habit”)  The Four-o'clock Habit (“4 o’clock habit”) is an initiative of the Philippine government that requests residents to practice the cleaning of their surroundings and draining water containers to prevent the spread of mosquitoes, in support of the Dengue Control Program and the Malaria Control Program. This is also known as “operation kaya–kulub (upside down).”  E. Measles- CA= Paramyxovirus  Ligtas Tigdas  Ligtas Tigdas 2004 is a special nationwide vaccination month for children who are at high risk of getting measles. The Department of Health identified these children to be those between the ages of 9 months to less than 8 years old.  trivalent measles vaccine or the MMR vaccine against mumps, measles, and rubella.  Vitamin A capsules will also be given to children 9 months to below 6 years of age. F. Bird Flu or Avian Influenza- CA=H5N1 virus  Report to the  Treatment nearest - Treatment of Bird Flu in humans is the same as for agricultural/veter other influenza viruses. Antiviral drugs, such as inary office any Osetalmivir halts the progress of the illness if given unusual death or within the first 2 days from the onset of fever. illness of chicken  Prevention and other birds. - Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water  - Report to before and after handling live and dressed chicken. the nearest local - Cook chicken thoroughly. health centers - Do not sell live chicken, ducks, and pigs together any case of in one cage or pen area. respiratory illness with - Do not catch, get near or keep in captivity wild history of birds. exposure to sick - Do not handle sick or dead birds with bare hands. chickens and Use gloves or plastic material for the hands, facial other birds. masks and goggles. - G. Meningococemia- Ca=Neisseria meningitides  Prevention and Control: Preventive measures are geared towards reducing overcrowding and exposure to droplet infection. Immunization of civilians is not recommended as duration of protection is limited.  Treatment and Prophylaxis: Treatment is effected by antibiotics and if given early, fatality rate is rendered less than 10%. Aqueous Penicillin G may be given to both children and adults.  Chloramphenicol may be given in cases of Penicillin allergy.  Prophylaxis is reserved for those who have intimate contact with the patient; household members, boyfriend/girlfriend, sexual partners, hospital personnel who did suctioning of secretions and/or mouth resuscitation. Rifampicin is the drug of choice and may be given to both children and adults.