Control of Communicable Diseases - Learning Objectives Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the minimum amount of sputum required for a DSSM test?

  • 2ml
  • 5ml
  • 1ml (correct)
  • 10ml

    • What should be avoided in the sputum specimen to ensure accuracy of the test for Multiple Drug Resistant TB?

  • Mucus from the nose and throat
  • Saliva from the mouth
  • Food particles or other solid particulates (correct)
  • All of the above

    • How should the patient breathe before coughing to produce quality sputum?

  • Deeply and then hold breath for a second or two (correct)
  • Normally and then inhale deeply
  • Rapidly and then exhale slowly
  • Shallowly and rapidly

    • Where should the patient's complete name and order of specimen collection be written?

    <p>On the body of the sputum cup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many times should the patient repeat the sequence of breathing and exhaling to produce quality sputum?

    <p>Three times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rinsing the mouth with water before producing sputum?

    <p>To remove food particles or other solid particulates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Epidemiologic Triangle Disease Model?

    <p>To explain the interaction between the agent, host, and environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between contagious and infectious diseases?

    <p>Contagious diseases are transmitted through direct contact, while infectious diseases are transmitted indirectly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the nurse in the NTP and DOTS strategy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of eliminating a disease in a specific geographic area?

    <p>Elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of dengue hemorrhagic fever?

    <p>Malaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of public health nurses in the control of communicable diseases in the community?

    <p>To educate the community on prevention and control measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that causes dengue hemorrhagic fever?

    <p>DENV-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the actual presence of an infectious agent in a person, animal, or environment?

    <p>Reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global goal that aims to reduce the incidence of HIV infections by 38% between 2001 and 2013?

    <p>Millennium Development Goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for dengue hemorrhagic fever?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who created the presentation template used in the source material?

    <p>Famorca et al.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the year of publication of the source material?

    <p>2013</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of malaria?

    <p>Infected mosquito bites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Tourniquet test in malaria diagnosis?

    <p>To detect platelet dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protozoan genus that causes malaria?

    <p>Plasmodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for a patient with shock due to malaria?

    <p>DORSAL RECUMBENT position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of monitoring laboratory results, especially platelet and hematocrit, in malaria management?

    <p>To assess the response to treatment and detect potential complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended frequency of administering Paracetamol in malaria management?

    <p>Every 6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following body parts is NOT primarily affected by leprosy?

    <p>The liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Gonorrhoea in males?

    <p>Burning urination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS?

    <p>Direct contact to wounds or membranes with body fluids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical incubation period of Gonorrhoea?

    <p>2-7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following sexually transmitted diseases is caused by Candida tropicalis?

    <p>Candidiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical characteristic of skin lesions resulting from leprosy?

    <p>They result in decreased sensation to touch, temperature, or pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Preparing Sputum Specimens for TB Diagnosis

    • Motivate the presumptive TB patient to undergo sputum exam (DSSM) and explain the importance of submitting two (2) sputum specimens.
    • Prepare the sputum cups and the Form 3.2a NTP Laboratory Request Form, labeling the body of the sputum cup with the patient's complete name and the order of specimen collection (1st and 2nd).
    • Demonstrate how to produce quality sputum, avoiding mucus from the nose and throat, and saliva from the mouth.

    Collecting Quality Sputum

    • Clean the mouth by thoroughly rinsing with water to remove food particles or other solid particulates that may inhibit the test for Multiple Drug Resistant TB.
    • Breathe deeply, hold breath for a second or two, and then exhale slowly, repeating the sequence two more times.
    • Cough strongly after inhaling deeply for the third time, trying to bring up sputum from deep within the lungs.
    • Expectorate the sputum in the sputum cup or conical tube, collecting at least 1 teaspoonful (5-10ml) for DSSM. For Multi-Drug Resistant TB, sputum samples should not be less than one (1) ml.

    Communicable Diseases

    • Communicable diseases are illnesses caused by an infectious agent or its toxic products, transmitted directly or indirectly to a person, animal, or intermediary host or inanimate environment.
    • Examples of communicable diseases include Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Filariasis, Malaria, and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever.
    • Key terms to remember: agent, candidiasis, chain of infection, communicable disease, contagious, Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy (DSSM), environment, epidemiologic triangle, eradication, host, infectious disease, infectious agent, mode of transmission, portal of entry, reservoir.

    Epidemiologic Triangle Disease Model

    • The epidemiologic triangle consists of the agent, host, and environment.
    • The agent refers to the infectious microorganism, the host refers to the person or animal infected, and the environment refers to the external factors that contribute to the spread of disease.

    Control of Communicable Diseases

    • The roles and responsibilities of the nurse in the NTP and DOTS strategy include administrator, health educator, case manager and coordinator, community organizer, and TB program advocate.
    • The nurse plays a crucial role in the control of communicable diseases in the community.

    Mosquito-Borne Diseases

    • Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by the dengue virus, transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.
    • Symptoms include undifferentiated fever, dengue fever, and dengue hemorrhagic fever.
    • Treatment and management involve giving paracetamol, encouraging oral intake of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), and avoiding dark-colored foods.

    Malaria

    • Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by the parasite Plasmodium, transmitted through the bite of an infected female Anopheles mosquito.
    • Symptoms include fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms.
    • Laboratory diagnostic tests include travel history, blood smears, and PCR.

    Leprosy

    • Leprosy is a chronic bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, affecting the nerves, skin, and mucous membranes.
    • Symptoms include muscle weakness, numbness in the hands, arms, feet, and legs, and skin lesions.
    • Treatment involves the 5 pillars of leprosy control.

    Rabies

    • Rabies is a viral disease that affects the nervous system, transmitted through the bite of an infected animal.
    • Symptoms include fever, headache, and agitation, progressing to paralysis and death if left untreated.
    • Treatment and management involve post-exposure prophylaxis and wound cleaning.

    Sexually Transmitted Diseases

    • Sexually transmitted diseases include HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, syphilis, and candidiasis.
    • Symptoms vary depending on the disease, but may include genital discharge, burning urination, and skin lesions.
    • Treatment and management involve antibiotic therapy and antiretroviral therapy.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the learning objectives related to control of communicable diseases, as outlined by Roselle B. Baniel, R.N. This quiz covers topics such as defining communicable disease, differentiating between contagious and infectious diseases, explaining the Epidemiologic Triangle Disease Model, identifying diseases targeted for eradication, and listing the functions of public health nurses.

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