Consumer Behavior Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following disciplines focuses primarily on the study of groups, offering insights into consumer behavior within social contexts?

  • Economics
  • Social Psychology
  • Sociology (correct)
  • Psychology

A marketing team is developing a campaign to highlight the 'gap' between consumers' current cell phones and a new model with advanced features. Which stage of the consumer decision-making process are they primarily targeting?

  • Information Search
  • Evaluation of Alternatives
  • Need Recognition (correct)
  • Purchase Decision

A consumer is considering buying a new laptop. They first consult their memory for brands they've had positive experiences with, then research online reviews for those brands. What types of information search are they conducting, respectively?

  • External, then Internal
  • Internal, then External (correct)
  • Marketer-controlled, then Non-marketer controlled
  • Non-marketer controlled, then Marketer-controlled

Which discipline studies the rational evaluation of alternatives, providing a framework for understanding how consumers make choices?

<p>Economics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer decides to only consider brands of cars that have a fuel efficiency of at least 30 miles per gallon when purchasing a new car. What type of evaluation is the consumer using?

<p>Exclusion based on a product attribute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies a marketer leveraging 'internal stimuli' to trigger need recognition in consumers?

<p>A consumer realizing their phone storage is almost full (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most accurate way to describe the 'Evoked Set' in the consumer decision-making process?

<p>The group of brands resulting from an information search that a consumer will further evaluate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying how peer pressure influences teenagers' purchasing decisions on clothing brands. Which field of study is MOST relevant to this research?

<p>Social Psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following marketing tactics is MOST effective for low-involvement product purchases?

<p>In-store promotions, targeted mobile ads, and effective packaging and displays. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company aims to enhance its customer decision-making process. Which capability focuses on adapting interactions to the customer's current stage in their purchasing journey?

<p>Contextualized interactions based on journey stage. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A marketing manager is analyzing cultural factors influencing consumer behavior. Which factor represents the broadest and deepest influence?

<p>Culture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is launching a new product and wants to leverage social influence. Which social factor involves individuals whose opinions are respected and followed by others?

<p>Opinion leaders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the Big Five personality traits is characterized by attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness, and affection?

<p>Agreeableness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Big Five model of personality, which trait is MOST associated with emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness?

<p>Neuroticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer consistently makes thoughtful, planned purchases, pays attention to detail, and demonstrates excellent impulse control. Which of the Big Five personality traits BEST describes this consumer?

<p>Conscientiousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person who scores high on "Openness" in the Big Five personality traits is MOST likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?

<p>Imagination, insight, and a broad range of interests. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer is considering purchasing a new laptop. They have owned laptops before but are unsure which brand or features best suit their current needs. Which type of buying decision is this MOST likely to be?

<p>Limited decision making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A marketing manager is launching a new line of luxury watches. Considering the factors influencing consumer buying decisions, what promotional strategy would be MOST effective for this high-involvement product?

<p>Extensive and informative promotions highlighting the watch's features and benefits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer buys the same brand of coffee every week without much thought. This is an example of what type of consumer buying decision?

<p>Routine response behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer is torn between two equally appealing brands of smartphones after doing extensive research. They eventually make a purchase, but afterward, they experience a sense of unease and wonder if they made the right choice. This feeling is BEST described as:

<p>Cognitive dissonance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is LEAST likely to increase a consumer's involvement in a purchasing decision?

<p>Low perceived risk associated with the purchase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer unexpectedly decides to buy a candy bar while waiting in the checkout line at a grocery store. This type of purchase is BEST described as:

<p>An impulse purchase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer recently purchased a high-end television. To reduce potential cognitive dissonance, what action should the seller take?

<p>Engage in postpurchase communications, reassuring the buyer and offering support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario BEST exemplifies 'situational involvement' in a purchase decision?

<p>A person who doesn't typically care about brands spends hours researching baby formula due to becoming a new parent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding consumer behavior crucial for marketing managers?

<p>It reduces uncertainty when defining target markets and designing marketing mixes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A bottled water company wants to create a marketing strategy that attracts attention through word-of-mouth. Which approach aligns best with this goal, considering the principles of unconventional marketing?

<p>Creating interactive art installations in urban areas where people can taste the water while learning about its origins. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of in-class reading assignments (IRA) as described?

<p>To foster a more responsive learning environment by gathering feedback and addressing common challenges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is trying to segment its market for a new line of organic snacks. Which of the following reflects an understanding of consumer behavior that would be most helpful in this segmentation?

<p>Understanding the psychological motivations behind consumers' preference for organic foods. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A marketing team discovers that their target consumers are heavily influenced by online reviews and recommendations from social media influencers. Based on the factors affecting consumer behavior, which area should the marketing team focus on to leverage this?

<p>Social factors, by engaging with influencers and encouraging user-generated content. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is launching a new product and wants to minimize uncertainty in their marketing efforts. How can they best apply the principles of consumer behavior to achieve this?

<p>By thoroughly researching and understanding their target market's needs, preferences, and decision-making processes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the provided content suggest that marketing effectively 'has a home for everyone'?

<p>When marketing strategies are adapted to suit the needs of niche consumer groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A marketing manager is puzzled by inconsistent sales figures. How might a better understanding of consumer behavior help resolve this issue?

<p>By revealing previously unnoticed trends and patterns in consumer purchasing habits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A marketing team is developing an advertising campaign for a new luxury watch. How might they effectively use Maslow's hierarchy of needs to target potential customers?

<p>Showcase the watch's elegant design and craftsmanship to resonate with consumers' esteem and self-actualization needs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer sees an advertisement for a brand of coffee they dislike but only remembers the positive aspects of the commercial. Which psychological process is most likely at play?

<p>Selective retention (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A car company is trying to encourage repeat purchases through a loyalty program that rewards customers with discounts and exclusive services. Which type of learning are they primarily trying to utilize?

<p>Operant conditioning (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person who strongly identifies with environmental conservation consistently dismisses data suggesting that their favorite electric car has a significant carbon footprint due to battery production. Which psychological factor is influencing their interpretation of this information?

<p>Selective distortion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer purchases a new brand of running shoes and finds that they improve their running performance. This experience leads them to exclusively buy this brand in the future. What type of learning is demonstrated?

<p>Experiential learning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'ideal self-image' most directly influence consumer behavior?

<p>By driving consumers to purchase products that align with their aspirations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of operant conditioning in a marketing strategy?

<p>A store offers a 'buy-one-get-one-free' promotion to increase sales volume. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A consumer is consistently exposed to advertisements for a particular brand of athletic wear on their social media feed, even though they have never searched for or shown interest in those products. Which psychological process explains why they start to recognize the brand and consider purchasing it solely based on the repeated exposure.

<p>Selective exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does operant conditioning relate to marketing strategies?

<p>It focuses on reinforcing desired consumer behaviors through loyalty programs and communications. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, how do marketers leverage associations to influence consumer behavior?

<p>By using celebrity endorsements to link positive associations to a brand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following exemplifies guerrilla marketing's primary goal?

<p>Achieving maximum impact with minimal resources through unconventional tactics. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of guerrilla marketing in comparison to traditional advertising methods?

<p>It bypasses consumer defenses, creating emotional connections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When planning a guerrilla marketing campaign, what critical consideration helps avoid potential misinterpretation or negative backlash?

<p>Aligning with the target audience's values, lifestyle and beliefs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company is launching a global guerrilla marketing initiative. What caution should they prioritize to ensure its success?

<p>Ensuring a deep understanding of cultural nuances across different regions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A local bookstore wants to create a marketing campaign that fosters customer loyalty at all stages of the consumer decision journey. Which approach aligns with this goal?

<p>Collaborating with local influencers to create shareable content and interactive events, while also offering a loyalty program for repeat purchases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A new tech startup aims to rapidly shift consumer perception of their brand as innovative and user-friendly. Which guerrilla marketing tactic would be most effective?

<p>Creating a series of interactive, unexpected installations in urban areas that showcase the product's unique capabilities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Psychology

The study of the individual.

Sociology

The study of groups.

Social Psychology

The study of how individuals operate within or are influenced by groups.

Anthropology

The study of the influence of society on the individual.

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Economics

The study of supply and demand and the rational evaluation of alternatives.

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Need Recognition

The first stage of the consumer decision-making process, resulting from an imbalance between actual and desired states.

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Information Search

The second stage of the consumer decision-making process, gathering information from internal (memory) and external sources.

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Evoked Set

The set of products or brands a consumer actually considers during a purchase decision derived from the information search.

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Purchase Decision

The process of deciding whether, when, what, where, and how to pay for a product.

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Postpurchase Satisfaction

Satisfaction Level. Depends on expectations being met.

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Cognitive Dissonance

Inner tension from conflicting actions and beliefs.

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Routine Response Behavior

Frequent, low-cost, low-involvement purchases.

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Limited Decision Making

Moderate time and effort to gather information; unfamiliar brand.

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Extensive Decision Making

Significant time and effort to compare options with high price and infrequent purchase.

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Involvement

Relevance and importance of a product to the buyer.

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High-Involvement Promotions

Promotions that are detailed and informative.

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Consumer Behavior

The processes consumers use to make purchase decisions, as well as how they use and dispose of goods or services.

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Importance of Understanding Consumer Behavior

Understanding consumer behavior helps marketing managers reduce uncertainty when defining target markets and designing marketing mixes.

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Guerrilla Marketing

A creative, unconventional marketing strategy to grab attention and create buzz, often with a limited budget.

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Defining Target Markets

Defining target markets involves identifying specific groups of consumers that a company aims to serve with its products or services.

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Cultural Factors

Cultural factors are influences stemming from values, beliefs, customs, and tastes produced and shared by a group of people.

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Social Factors

Social factors are external influences, specifically how relationships and interactions with groups affect consumers' purchasing decisions.

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Individual Factors

Individual factors are unique traits, such as age, life stage, lifestyle, personality, and self-concept, that impact purchasing behavior.

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Psychological Factors

Psychological factors, including motivation, perception, learning, beliefs, and attitudes, influence consumer choices.

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Low-Involvement Product Promotion

Marketing efforts in physical stores and mobile ads that target consumers directly at the point of purchase, important for products needing little thought.

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Automation (customer journey)

Making the customer journey easier by implementing automated processes.

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Proactive Personalization

Adapting experiences instantaneously with personalized and customized recommendations based on customer data.

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Contextualized Interactions

Delivering interactions that make sense and are helpful, based on where the customer is in their journey.

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Culture (influencing buying decisions)

The values, beliefs, and customs that shape consumer behavior, exerting a wide influence.

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Subculture

Groups sharing common elements of the broader culture plus unique characteristics.

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Social Class

Groups with similar status, socialization, and norms.

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"The Big Five" Personality Traits

The 'Big Five' personality traits: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, and Openness.

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Self-Concept

The combination of your ideal self-image and your real self-image.

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Lifestyle

A consumer's pattern of living, expressed through activities, interests, and opinions (AIO).

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Selective Exposure

The process where consumers notice certain stimuli and ignore others.

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Selective Distortion

The process where consumers change or distort information that conflicts with their beliefs.

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Selective Retention

The process where consumers remember only information that supports their beliefs.

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Experiential Learning

Changes in an individual's behavior arising from experience.

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Conceptual Learning

Learning based on reasoning, without direct experience.

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Operant Conditioning

Using reinforcement (positive, negative, or none) to reward or discourage behavior.

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Operant Conditioning in Marketing

Reinforcing behaviors to build brand loyalty through programs and communications.

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Stimulus Generalization

Responding to a similar stimulus in the same way as the original.

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Stimulus Discrimination

Learning to differentiate between similar stimuli and responding differently.

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Classical Conditioning

Learning to associate one stimulus with another when presented together.

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Benefit of Guerrilla Marketing

Bypassing consumer defensiveness against traditional advertising.

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Caution of Guerrilla Marketing

Misinterpretation or backlash if not carefully planned.

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Influences on Consumer Behavior

Consumer behavior is complex and influenced by cultural, social, individual, and psychological factors.

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Study Notes

  • Consumer behavior involves the processes consumers use to make purchase decisions, as well as how they use and dispose of goods or services.
  • Understanding consumer behavior helps marketing managers reduce uncertainty when defining target markets and designing marketing mixes.
  • Marketing is a very inclusive discipline and borrows from a wide range of theories and skills.

Consumer Decision-Making Process

  • Steps include need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase, and post-purchase behavior.
  • Cultural, social, individual, and psychological factors affect all steps.
  • Need recognition is the result of an imbalance between actual and desired states, triggered by internal or external stimuli.
  • Marketers can highlight "gaps" between the consumer's present and preferred state to motivate action.
  • Information search can be internal (recalling from memory) or external (seeking information from outside sources).
  • The evoked set is the group of brands resulting from information search.
  • Consumers use criteria to compare options, evaluating based on attributes and weighted based on importance.
  • Environmental, internal, and external factors influence the evaluation of alternatives.
  • Different ways consumers can evaluate products include narrowing choices by product attribute, categorizing products as like or dislike and relation of price of product in relation to its value.
  • Purchase decisions consider whether to buy, when, what, where, and how to pay.
  • Types of purchases include planned, partially planned, and impulse.
  • Satisfaction in post-purchase behavior depends on how well expectations are met.
  • Cognitive dissonance is inner tension when behavior conflicts with values or opinions.
  • Marketers can reduce doubts about the purchase decision through post-purchase communications and excellent customer service.

Types of Consumer Buying Decisions

  • Routine response behavior involves frequently purchased goods or services with low cost and low involvement.
  • Limited decision making involves a moderate amount of time to gather information and deliberate (e.g., unfamiliar brand in a familiar product category) with moderate involvement.
  • Extensive decision making involves buying an unfamiliar, expensive product, requires use of several criteria for evaluating options and much time for seeking information with high involvement.
  • Factors determining involvement include previous experience, interest, perceived risk, and social visibility.
  • High involvement means that a specific good or service is relevant and important to the buyer.
  • Product or product category are relevant for the individual.
  • Situations can temporarily make a decision very important.
  • The emotional aspect during consumption activity is important.
  • In-store promotion and targeted mobile ads, as well as packaging and displays, are important tools for low involvement.
  • Extensive and informative promotions are implemented for High-involvement product purchases.

Reconceptualizing the Consumer Decision-Making Process

  • Classic journey involves an extended consideration and evaluation phase before entering the loyalty loop or a new round of consideration/evaluation.
  • New journey compresses the consider step and shortens/eliminates the evaluate step, delivering customers directly into the loyalty loop.
  • Four key capabilities for companies to redefine the decision-making process are automation, proactive personalization, contextualized interactions, and journey innovation.

Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Decisions

  • Cultural factors are sets of values, norms, and attitudes shaping behavior and has the broadest influence.
  • Subculture refers to a homogeneous group sharing elements of overall culture and unique elements.
  • Social class is a typically measured by occupation, income, education, and wealth.
  • Social factors: Reference groups, formal and informal, influencing behavior.

Individual Factors

  • Include gender, age and life-cycle stage, personality, self-concept, and lifestyle.
  • Personality traits are inherited/formed early and influence purchasing behavior.
  • The "Big Five" personality traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness.

Physiological Factors

  • Perception is a process where a consumer notices certain stimuli.
  • Selective exposure is a process whereby a consumer notices certain stimuli and ignores others.
  • Consumers change or distort information when it conflicts with their feelings.
  • Consumers only remember information that supports their personal beliefs.
  • Experiential learning occurs when an experience changes behavior and conceptual learning is based on reasoning and is not acquired through direct experience.
  • Maslow's hierarchy of needs provides a framework to design marketing strategies that resonate with fundamental human needs.

Guerrilla Marketing

  • Is an unconventional marketing technique intended to get maximum results from minimal resources.
  • Relies on surprise, uniqueness, and consumer psychology to create memorable experiences
  • Benefits include bypassing consumer defensiveness, creating emotional connections, encouraging engagement, leveraging social influence, and changing perceptions quickly and effectively.
  • Considerations include aligning with target audience values, risks of misinterpretation, understanding cultural nuances, and complementing traditional efforts.

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