Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does an RHFAC Professional review in construction drawings?
What does an RHFAC Professional review in construction drawings?
What is the purpose of a Site Plan?
What is the purpose of a Site Plan?
Provides a bird's-eye view of property location, orientation, and dimensions.
Floor plans provide an overhead view of the interior of a building, with the roof and upper floors ________.
Floor plans provide an overhead view of the interior of a building, with the roof and upper floors ________.
removed
Match the following drawing with its description:
Match the following drawing with its description:
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What is the purpose of a feasibility study in a project?
What is the purpose of a feasibility study in a project?
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What is the role of the RHFAC Professional during the schematic design phase?
What is the role of the RHFAC Professional during the schematic design phase?
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What kind of drawings are produced during the design development phase?
What kind of drawings are produced during the design development phase?
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What is the purpose of an off-page reference in a drawing?
What is the purpose of an off-page reference in a drawing?
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Who are the main participants responsible for design documentation and overseeing construction in a building project?
Who are the main participants responsible for design documentation and overseeing construction in a building project?
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Construction Project Stakeholders include only the owners and designers of the project.
Construction Project Stakeholders include only the owners and designers of the project.
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The pre-design phase lays the groundwork for design and is the _____ step on any project.
The pre-design phase lays the groundwork for design and is the _____ step on any project.
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What key outputs are included in the Post-Construction/Takeover phase?
What key outputs are included in the Post-Construction/Takeover phase?
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What is the role of the RHFAC Professional during the Post-Occupancy Evaluation phase?
What is the role of the RHFAC Professional during the Post-Occupancy Evaluation phase?
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Construction cost is determined by the function of space of facility plus __________.
Construction cost is determined by the function of space of facility plus __________.
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In a stipulated price contract, any alterations to price or time of construction are informally handled.
In a stipulated price contract, any alterations to price or time of construction are informally handled.
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Match the construction contract type with its description:
Match the construction contract type with its description:
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What are some disadvantages of the Design/Build methodology?
What are some disadvantages of the Design/Build methodology?
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What are some advantages of the Design/Build methodology?
What are some advantages of the Design/Build methodology?
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Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) method requires full collaboration among the main parties.
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) method requires full collaboration among the main parties.
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In Design Assist by Contractor method, a general contractor is hired to provide input and feedback during the __________.
In Design Assist by Contractor method, a general contractor is hired to provide input and feedback during the __________.
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What is the Integrated Design Process (IDP) about?
What is the Integrated Design Process (IDP) about?
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IDP differs from a conventional approach in that it aims to be more collaborative.
IDP differs from a conventional approach in that it aims to be more collaborative.
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What are some objectives of the IDP approach?
What are some objectives of the IDP approach?
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IDP is a BC Housing requirement for all projects undergoing LEED ____________.
IDP is a BC Housing requirement for all projects undergoing LEED ____________.
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Which type of drawing provides a top or horizontal view of a structure?
Which type of drawing provides a top or horizontal view of a structure?
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What type of view does an interior elevation show?
What type of view does an interior elevation show?
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Construction documents include building plans, drawings, and specifications.
Construction documents include building plans, drawings, and specifications.
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Drawings are typically drawn to a ______. This means that relative sizes are correctly represented.
Drawings are typically drawn to a ______. This means that relative sizes are correctly represented.
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What is the purpose of a feasibility study in a project?
What is the purpose of a feasibility study in a project?
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What is included in the functional program/design brief of a project?
What is included in the functional program/design brief of a project?
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During the schematic design phase, the architect discusses key issues with the client before fine-tuning the design.
During the schematic design phase, the architect discusses key issues with the client before fine-tuning the design.
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The construction documents phase represents about ___% of the design effort.
The construction documents phase represents about ___% of the design effort.
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What is the main purpose of post-occupancy evaluation?
What is the main purpose of post-occupancy evaluation?
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What are some examples of functional attributes considered in post-occupancy evaluation? (Select all that apply)
What are some examples of functional attributes considered in post-occupancy evaluation? (Select all that apply)
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Design/Build (D/B) is a common project delivery method.
Design/Build (D/B) is a common project delivery method.
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Construction cost is the cost to build a facility and is a function of the ________ and the time required to design and construct it.
Construction cost is the cost to build a facility and is a function of the ________ and the time required to design and construct it.
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What is the purpose of an off-page reference in a drawing?
What is the purpose of an off-page reference in a drawing?
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Who are the main participants in the construction project stakeholder group?
Who are the main participants in the construction project stakeholder group?
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In the construction project phases, which phase involves 'Design/Bid/Build'?
In the construction project phases, which phase involves 'Design/Bid/Build'?
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In the Pre-Design phase, decisions are made regarding the type of construction contract.
In the Pre-Design phase, decisions are made regarding the type of construction contract.
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What does IDP stand for in the context of building design?
What does IDP stand for in the context of building design?
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Which of the following are objectives of the integrated building design approach?
Which of the following are objectives of the integrated building design approach?
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IDP approach aims to minimize costs and maximize performance in building projects.
IDP approach aims to minimize costs and maximize performance in building projects.
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IDP involves active and continuing collaboration of multiple stakeholders, building designers, and consultants from various fields, working together from ______.
IDP involves active and continuing collaboration of multiple stakeholders, building designers, and consultants from various fields, working together from ______.
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What are some disadvantages of the Design/Build/Build delivery method?
What are some disadvantages of the Design/Build/Build delivery method?
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What key advantage does the Design/Build methodology offer?
What key advantage does the Design/Build methodology offer?
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Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) requires full collaboration among the main parties involved.
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) requires full collaboration among the main parties involved.
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In Design Assist by Contractor, a general contractor is hired to provide input and feedback during the ____.
In Design Assist by Contractor, a general contractor is hired to provide input and feedback during the ____.
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Study Notes
Construction Documents and Projects
Construction Documents
- A set of construction drawings depicts different views of a structure, including:
- Plan (top or horizontal view)
- Elevation (vertical view of a building)
- Section (vertical view of a building as seen through a cross-section)
- Types of drawings:
- Site plan (bird's-eye view of a property, including lot boundaries, exterior elements, and features)
- Floor plan (overhead view of a building's interior, including rooms, walls, windows, and doors)
- Landscape plan (orientation, flows, features, and positioning of landscape design elements)
- Interior elevation (vertical view of details inside a building, including height and location of interior walls, doorways, and windows)
- Exterior elevation (vertical view of a building's exterior, including floor elevations and dimensions of important heights)
- Standard information displayed on drawings:
- Drawing identification (name, label, and referencing)
- Scale (drawings are drawn to a specific ratio relative to the actual size of the place or object)
- Specifications (precise descriptions of products, materials, standards, equipment, services, construction systems, and processes)
- Schedules (lists or tables containing detailed information about construction elements, such as doors, hardware, and finishes)
- Title block (information about the project, including project name, address, date, and drawing title)
- List of drawings (for large projects, a list of all drawings is provided)
- List of consultants (names and addresses of the owner, designers, architects, engineers, and others involved in the project)
- Material board (photos of tiles, furniture, and other materials, used to view tile patterns and identify contrasts)
Key Features and Symbols
- Line types:
- Hidden object lines (dashed lines indicating hidden components or items destined for removal)
- Visible object lines (solid lines depicting visible components and outlines of physical features)
- Centre line (drawn through the centre of a feature, often denoted by "CL" at one end)
- Dimension lines (perpendicular to an object, used to identify dimensions)
- Contour lines (used to identify ground elevation and indicate the slope or grade of the terrain)
- Symbols:
- On-page reference (used to identify a reference to a specific item on a drawing)
- Off-page reference (used to locate a separate but related drawing on another page)
- Cloud (indicates that the area is under development and will change as the design progresses)
Construction Projects
-
Construction project stakeholders:
- Owners (public and private-sector buyers of construction, holding ownership or legal title to the land or site and the completed building project)
- Designers (consultants, including architects, engineers, planners, and specialty consultants, responsible for design documentation and overseeing construction)
- Constructors (contractors, sub-contractors, trade contractors, manufacturers, suppliers, and trades responsible for construction of buildings)
- Other stakeholders (lending institutions, real estate services, trade associations, researchers, analysts, Authorities Having Jurisdiction, and miscellaneous official and service agencies)
-
Construction project phases:
- Planning and programming (pre-design)
- Schematic design
- Design development
- Construction documents
- Bidding (tendering) and negotiation
- Construction
- Commissioning
- Transition planning
- Post-construction/takeover
- Post-occupancy evaluation### Post-Construction/Takeover
-
The post-construction phase involves assembling and submitting all necessary documents to the owner for building operation and maintenance.
Phases of Project Delivery
- There are 10 phases of project delivery:
- Planning and Programming (pre-design)
- Schematic Design
- Design Development
- Construction Documents
- Bidding (Tendering) and Negotiation
- Construction
- Commissioning
- Transition Planning
- Post-Construction/Takeover
- Post-Occupancy Evaluation
Planning and Programming (Pre-Design)
- Key activities:
- Site analysis and site conditions report
- Needs analysis and planning
- Feasibility study (optional)
- Project vision
- Functional program/design brief
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to bring Universal Design strategies to the table and ensure they are reflected in the project vision and functional program/design brief.
Schematic Design
- Key activities:
- Establishing a preliminary design based on the functional program and site conditions report
- Assembling the design team
- Evaluating design alternatives
- Fine-tuning the design
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to identify potential accessibility requirements and ensure they are documented.
Design Development
- Key activities:
- Refining the schematic design
- Creating detailed technical drawings
- Fine-tuning project cost and space requirements
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to collaborate with consultants to ensure the design is complete and easily translated into construction drawings.
Construction Documents
- Key activities:
- Producing construction drawings and specifications
- Developing schedules and supporting documents
- Ensuring building code compliance
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to ensure all accessibility requirements are reflected in the drawings and specifications.
Bidding (Tendering) and Negotiation
- Key activities:
- Inviting contractors to bid on the project
- Negotiating with and selecting a contractor
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to assist the architect and client in responding to questions and evaluating bids from an accessibility perspective.
Construction
- Key activities:
- Construction of the project
- Conducting site inspections
- Ensuring compliance with the building permit and building code
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to attend site meetings and review the performance of the contractor with respect to accessibility.
Commissioning
- Key activities:
- Testing and verifying that all components and systems are installed and working in accordance with design specifications
- Identifying and correcting deficiencies
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to maintain communication with the commissioning agent to ensure accessibility requirements are included and tested.
Transition Planning
- Key activities:
- Developing change management plans and processes
- Providing orientation and training to facilitate a smooth transition to the new or upgraded facility
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to help owners and end-users understand how to operate, adjust, and maintain accessible features in the building.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation
- Key activities:
- Reviewing and rating the performance of a completed building
- Evaluating functional attributes such as accessibility, efficiency, and aesthetics
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to conduct on-site visits and submit ratings for certification.
Building and Construction Costs
-
Key definitions:
- Project cost: total cost of the project, including all capital costs
- Construction cost: cost to build a facility, based on space and design time
- Operating and maintenance costs: expenses related to the day-to-day administration and maintenance of a facility### Life Cycle Cost
-
Represents the total cost of a facility throughout its expected life
-
Includes project (capital) costs and ongoing operating and maintenance costs
-
Formula: Life Cycle Cost = Project (Capital) Cost + Operating Cost + Maintenance Cost
Business Case
- A key component of a project's feasibility study
- Provides background and rationale for project initiation
- Includes business benefits (qualitative and quantitative) and total expected life cycle costs
- RHFAC Professionals may provide input regarding accessibility costs and benefits
Construction Contracts
- RHFAC Professionals should have a basic understanding of different types of construction contracts
- Three main types of construction contracts:
- Stipulated price (fixed-price) contracts
- Cost plus contracts
- Unit price contracts
Project Delivery Methods
- A systematic approach to designing, constructing, and operating a project
- Selection of the delivery method is a key decision that affects project costs and controls
- RHFAC Professionals should understand the language of project delivery to work effectively with designers and stakeholders
Types of Project Delivery Methods
- Design/Bid/Build (D/B/B)
- Design/Build (D/B)
- Variations on D/B/B and D/B:
- Design Assist by Contractor
- Construction Management at Risk
- Public-Private Partnership (P3)
- Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
Design/Bid/Build (D/B/B)
- Most traditional and frequently used project delivery method
- Three distinct sequential project phases: design, bid, and build
- Characteristics:
- All prospective builders bid on a known design
- Owner or government agency contracts with separate entities for design and construction
- Advantages:
- Widely used and well understood
- Thorough understanding of design prior to construction
- Costs are usually known prior to construction
- Disadvantages:
- Longer time period to execute
- Separation of design and construction may restrict communication
- Important design decisions lack a full perspective regarding construction methods and materials
Design/Build (D/B)
- A single entity provides both design and construction services
- Characteristics:
- Owner or government agency contracts with a single entity
- Designer receives a fee for services
- Advantages:
- Simplifies the arrangement and reduces risk for the owner
- Time and cost savings
- Better sense of probable construction costs earlier in the process
- Contractor input into construction logistics during design
- Disadvantages:
- Cost is determined before the design is complete
- Reduced design control and involvement by the owner and other stakeholders
Variations on Design/Bid/Build and Design/Build
- Design Assist by Contractor:
- Contractor is engaged early in the project to provide input and expertise
- Benefits: improved quality, early identification and resolution of issues, and reduction of costs
- Construction Management at Risk:
- A construction manager acts as an advisor to the owner
- Provides expertise throughout the design phase
- Benefits: simplified arrangement, reduced risk for the owner, and improved quality
Public-Private Partnership (P3)
- A cooperative venture between the public and private sectors
- Characteristics:
- Private entity finances the project and assumes construction risks
- Public entity repays the private entity when the project is completed
- Advantages:
- Risk is off-loaded from the public sector to the private sector
- P3s have been compared to leasing a car
- Disadvantages:
- A service is purchased today that must be paid for in the future
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
- A relatively new method that contractually requires full collaboration among the main parties
- Characteristics:
- Owner, builder, and design team are all bound to a common contract
- Risk, liability, and reward are collectively managed and shared
- Advantages:
- Substantial savings in terms of time, materials, and money
- Focus on the final outcome, or the finished building
Construction Documents and Projects
Construction Documents
- A set of construction drawings depicts different views of a structure, including:
- Plan (top or horizontal view)
- Elevation (vertical view of a building)
- Section (vertical view of a building as seen through a cross-section)
- Types of drawings:
- Site plan (bird's-eye view of a property, including lot boundaries, exterior elements, and features)
- Floor plan (overhead view of a building's interior, including rooms, walls, windows, and doors)
- Landscape plan (orientation, flows, features, and positioning of landscape design elements)
- Interior elevation (vertical view of details inside a building, including height and location of interior walls, doorways, and windows)
- Exterior elevation (vertical view of a building's exterior, including floor elevations and dimensions of important heights)
- Standard information displayed on drawings:
- Drawing identification (name, label, and referencing)
- Scale (drawings are drawn to a specific ratio relative to the actual size of the place or object)
- Specifications (precise descriptions of products, materials, standards, equipment, services, construction systems, and processes)
- Schedules (lists or tables containing detailed information about construction elements, such as doors, hardware, and finishes)
- Title block (information about the project, including project name, address, date, and drawing title)
- List of drawings (for large projects, a list of all drawings is provided)
- List of consultants (names and addresses of the owner, designers, architects, engineers, and others involved in the project)
- Material board (photos of tiles, furniture, and other materials, used to view tile patterns and identify contrasts)
Key Features and Symbols
- Line types:
- Hidden object lines (dashed lines indicating hidden components or items destined for removal)
- Visible object lines (solid lines depicting visible components and outlines of physical features)
- Centre line (drawn through the centre of a feature, often denoted by "CL" at one end)
- Dimension lines (perpendicular to an object, used to identify dimensions)
- Contour lines (used to identify ground elevation and indicate the slope or grade of the terrain)
- Symbols:
- On-page reference (used to identify a reference to a specific item on a drawing)
- Off-page reference (used to locate a separate but related drawing on another page)
- Cloud (indicates that the area is under development and will change as the design progresses)
Construction Projects
-
Construction project stakeholders:
- Owners (public and private-sector buyers of construction, holding ownership or legal title to the land or site and the completed building project)
- Designers (consultants, including architects, engineers, planners, and specialty consultants, responsible for design documentation and overseeing construction)
- Constructors (contractors, sub-contractors, trade contractors, manufacturers, suppliers, and trades responsible for construction of buildings)
- Other stakeholders (lending institutions, real estate services, trade associations, researchers, analysts, Authorities Having Jurisdiction, and miscellaneous official and service agencies)
-
Construction project phases:
- Planning and programming (pre-design)
- Schematic design
- Design development
- Construction documents
- Bidding (tendering) and negotiation
- Construction
- Commissioning
- Transition planning
- Post-construction/takeover
- Post-occupancy evaluation### Post-Construction/Takeover
-
The post-construction phase involves assembling and submitting all necessary documents to the owner for building operation and maintenance.
Phases of Project Delivery
- There are 10 phases of project delivery:
- Planning and Programming (pre-design)
- Schematic Design
- Design Development
- Construction Documents
- Bidding (Tendering) and Negotiation
- Construction
- Commissioning
- Transition Planning
- Post-Construction/Takeover
- Post-Occupancy Evaluation
Planning and Programming (Pre-Design)
- Key activities:
- Site analysis and site conditions report
- Needs analysis and planning
- Feasibility study (optional)
- Project vision
- Functional program/design brief
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to bring Universal Design strategies to the table and ensure they are reflected in the project vision and functional program/design brief.
Schematic Design
- Key activities:
- Establishing a preliminary design based on the functional program and site conditions report
- Assembling the design team
- Evaluating design alternatives
- Fine-tuning the design
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to identify potential accessibility requirements and ensure they are documented.
Design Development
- Key activities:
- Refining the schematic design
- Creating detailed technical drawings
- Fine-tuning project cost and space requirements
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to collaborate with consultants to ensure the design is complete and easily translated into construction drawings.
Construction Documents
- Key activities:
- Producing construction drawings and specifications
- Developing schedules and supporting documents
- Ensuring building code compliance
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to ensure all accessibility requirements are reflected in the drawings and specifications.
Bidding (Tendering) and Negotiation
- Key activities:
- Inviting contractors to bid on the project
- Negotiating with and selecting a contractor
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to assist the architect and client in responding to questions and evaluating bids from an accessibility perspective.
Construction
- Key activities:
- Construction of the project
- Conducting site inspections
- Ensuring compliance with the building permit and building code
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to attend site meetings and review the performance of the contractor with respect to accessibility.
Commissioning
- Key activities:
- Testing and verifying that all components and systems are installed and working in accordance with design specifications
- Identifying and correcting deficiencies
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to maintain communication with the commissioning agent to ensure accessibility requirements are included and tested.
Transition Planning
- Key activities:
- Developing change management plans and processes
- Providing orientation and training to facilitate a smooth transition to the new or upgraded facility
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to help owners and end-users understand how to operate, adjust, and maintain accessible features in the building.
Post-Occupancy Evaluation
- Key activities:
- Reviewing and rating the performance of a completed building
- Evaluating functional attributes such as accessibility, efficiency, and aesthetics
- The RHFAC Professional's role is to conduct on-site visits and submit ratings for certification.
Building and Construction Costs
-
Key definitions:
- Project cost: total cost of the project, including all capital costs
- Construction cost: cost to build a facility, based on space and design time
- Operating and maintenance costs: expenses related to the day-to-day administration and maintenance of a facility### Life Cycle Cost
-
Represents the total cost of a facility throughout its expected life
-
Includes project (capital) costs and ongoing operating and maintenance costs
-
Formula: Life Cycle Cost = Project (Capital) Cost + Operating Cost + Maintenance Cost
Business Case
- A key component of a project's feasibility study
- Provides background and rationale for project initiation
- Includes business benefits (qualitative and quantitative) and total expected life cycle costs
- RHFAC Professionals may provide input regarding accessibility costs and benefits
Construction Contracts
- RHFAC Professionals should have a basic understanding of different types of construction contracts
- Three main types of construction contracts:
- Stipulated price (fixed-price) contracts
- Cost plus contracts
- Unit price contracts
Project Delivery Methods
- A systematic approach to designing, constructing, and operating a project
- Selection of the delivery method is a key decision that affects project costs and controls
- RHFAC Professionals should understand the language of project delivery to work effectively with designers and stakeholders
Types of Project Delivery Methods
- Design/Bid/Build (D/B/B)
- Design/Build (D/B)
- Variations on D/B/B and D/B:
- Design Assist by Contractor
- Construction Management at Risk
- Public-Private Partnership (P3)
- Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
Design/Bid/Build (D/B/B)
- Most traditional and frequently used project delivery method
- Three distinct sequential project phases: design, bid, and build
- Characteristics:
- All prospective builders bid on a known design
- Owner or government agency contracts with separate entities for design and construction
- Advantages:
- Widely used and well understood
- Thorough understanding of design prior to construction
- Costs are usually known prior to construction
- Disadvantages:
- Longer time period to execute
- Separation of design and construction may restrict communication
- Important design decisions lack a full perspective regarding construction methods and materials
Design/Build (D/B)
- A single entity provides both design and construction services
- Characteristics:
- Owner or government agency contracts with a single entity
- Designer receives a fee for services
- Advantages:
- Simplifies the arrangement and reduces risk for the owner
- Time and cost savings
- Better sense of probable construction costs earlier in the process
- Contractor input into construction logistics during design
- Disadvantages:
- Cost is determined before the design is complete
- Reduced design control and involvement by the owner and other stakeholders
Variations on Design/Bid/Build and Design/Build
- Design Assist by Contractor:
- Contractor is engaged early in the project to provide input and expertise
- Benefits: improved quality, early identification and resolution of issues, and reduction of costs
- Construction Management at Risk:
- A construction manager acts as an advisor to the owner
- Provides expertise throughout the design phase
- Benefits: simplified arrangement, reduced risk for the owner, and improved quality
Public-Private Partnership (P3)
- A cooperative venture between the public and private sectors
- Characteristics:
- Private entity finances the project and assumes construction risks
- Public entity repays the private entity when the project is completed
- Advantages:
- Risk is off-loaded from the public sector to the private sector
- P3s have been compared to leasing a car
- Disadvantages:
- A service is purchased today that must be paid for in the future
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)
- A relatively new method that contractually requires full collaboration among the main parties
- Characteristics:
- Owner, builder, and design team are all bound to a common contract
- Risk, liability, and reward are collectively managed and shared
- Advantages:
- Substantial savings in terms of time, materials, and money
- Focus on the final outcome, or the finished building
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Description
This quiz covers the role of RHFAC Professionals in construction projects, including new construction and retrofits, and their influence on design and accessibility.