Construcción do Estado Liberal en España (1833-1868)
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Questions and Answers

Quen se converteu na rexente de España tras a morte de Fernando VII?

  • María Cristina de Borbón (correct)
  • María Teresa de Braganza
  • Isabel II
  • Carlos María Isidro de Borbón

    • O Carlismo apoiaba a soberanía nacional como principio político.

    False

    Cales foron as forzas políticas que se enfrentaron durante a 1ª guerra carlista?

    Liberais e carlistas

    O Estatuto Real reservou o poder á ______.

    <p>rexente</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relaciona os seguintes termos cos seus significados:

    <p>Liberalismo = Defensa da soberanía nacional e separación de poderes Carlismo = Defensa do absolutismo e da Igrexa Estatuto Real = Carta outorgada que mantén o poder na rexente Fueros = Leis antigas que protexían certas provincias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que aspecto do liberalismo non foi aceptado no Estatuto Real?

    <p>Separación de poderes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Igrexa apoiaba o liberalismo durante a época do Carlismo.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que evento histórico deu inicio á 1ª guerra carlista?

    <p>A morte de Fernando VII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quen asumiu o goberno no período de revoltadas de 1835?

    <p>Mendizábal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Constitución de 1837 foi elaborada polo rei sen a participación das Cortes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que provocou a Desamortización eclesiástica?

    <p>A supresión de conventos e a exclaustración obrigatoria dos seus membros.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asocia cada principio da Constitución de 1837 co seu significado:

    <p>Soberanía Nacional = A vontade da Nación revisar a constitución Separación de Poderes = Reforzo das prerrogativas reais Poder lexislativo = Cortes bicamerais de Congreso e Senado</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que evento obrigou a Isabel II a xurar a Constitución de 1812?

    <p>O Motín dos Sarxentos da Granxa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Os deputados para as Cortes eran elixidos mediante sufraxio universal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal era a estrutura das Cortes na Constitución de 1837?

    <p>Bicamerais, formadas por Congreso e Senado.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que caracterizou a Rexencia de Espartero entre 1840 e 1843?

    <p>Un esgotador período de autoritarismo que deu lugar ao descontento.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Constitución de 1845 establece que a soberanía recae unicamente no rei.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que cambios se propuxeron no sufraxio censatario para aumentar a participación masculina?

    <p>Rebaixar a renda.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A primeira etapa do reinado de Isabel II denomínase a Década __________.

    <p>Moderada</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relaciona os grupos ideolóxicos coas súas características:

    <p>Liberais moderados = Apoyo ao poder real e a reformas mínimas Liberais progresistas = Posturas democráticas e republicanas Monarquía = Soberanía concentrada exclusivamente no rei Massas populares = Descontento constante contra o autoritarismo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que determinou a renuncia de Espartero do poder?

    <p>Os levantamentos militares e populares.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nova Constitución de 1845 foi un documento de carácter progresista.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quais eran as dúas entidades nas que se compartía a soberanía segundo a nova Constitución?

    <p>O rei e as Cortes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quen liderou o pronunciamento que facilitou a volta ao poder dos liberais moderados en 1856?

    <p>O'Donnell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Constitución do 45 reflicte completamente os principios da soberanía nacional.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal foi a principal crítica á Constitución do 45 segundo os progresistas?

    <p>Non recolle a orixe da soberanía e non garante a liberdade do pobo.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Os moderados consideran que o rei ten o seu dereito de ser soberano por __________.

    <p>dereito histórico e de raza</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relacione as tendencias políticas coas súas características:

    <p>Moderados = Reconocen parcialmente a soberanía nacional Progresistas = Colocan a soberanía nacional sobre todo Demócratas = Creen na monarquía e principios democráticos Republicanos = Defenden a abolición da monarquía</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que obxecto buscan os progresistas dentro dunha monarquía constitucional?

    <p>Liberdade posible para o pobo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fernando Garrido caracterizou aos moderados como adóptase completamente ao principio da soberanía nacional.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    En que ano se publicou o Manifesto da Xunta Central do partido progresista no diario La Iberia?

    <p>1858</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que medida se tomou para favorecer os intereses da alta burguesía e a aristocracia tras a promulgación da Constitución de 1845?

    <p>Nomeamento de alcaldes polo Goberno</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nova Lei Electoral de 1846 permitiu a participación política de toda a cidadanía sen restricións.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cales eran os dous grandes tipos de impostos que quedaron individualizados tras a nova reforma tributaria?

    <p>Impostos directos e indirectos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A creadora da Garda Civil foi a __________.

    <p>Constitución de 1845</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relaciona as reformas ou medidas coas súas consecuencias:

    <p>Nomeamento de alcaldes = Centralismo administrativo Reforma tributaria = Incremento da presión fiscal Creación da Garda Civil = Control militar do goberno Nova Lei Electoral = Limitación do sufragio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que sucede co control político do Estado tras a promulgación da nova Constitución?

    <p>Os intereses das clases privilexiadas son favorecidos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A reforma tributaria de 1845 foi ben recibida polos comerciantes e as masas populares.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que institución militar substituíu á Milicia Nacional dos progresistas?

    <p>A Garda Civil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quen foi nomeado Xefe do Goberno durante o Bienio Progresista?

    <p>Espartero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Lei de desamortización xeral de 1855 beneficiou principalmente aos concellos.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cal era o novo nome proposto para o partido progresista?

    <p>democracia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nova Constitución que se redactou durante o Bienio Progresista non chegaría a __________.

    <p>promulgarse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Relaciona os temas coas leis correspondentes:

    <p>Lei de desamortización xeral de 1855 = Venda de bens dos concellos Lei de Ferrocarrís de 1855 = Desenvolvemento da rede ferroviaria Constitución non nata de 1856 = Limitación de poderes da Coroa Poderes da Coroa = Redacción da nova Constitución</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Que efecto social tivo a Lei de desamortización sobre os campesiños pobres?

    <p>Causou a desposesión de terras comunais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Entre que anos se desenvolveu o chamado Bienio Progresista?

    <p>1854 a 1856</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A oposición ao goberno monárquico non se cuestionaba durante o Bemio Progresista.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spanish Liberal State Construction (1833-1868)

    • Fernando VII's death in 1833 not only marked the end of an era but they also triggered a significant shift in Spanish politics, leading to an unstable power dynamic. His daughter, Maria Cristina, assumed the regency during a tumultuous period marked by intense Carlist opposition, which was notably supported by the Church and the peasant communities in the Northern regions of Spain. This conflict was deeply rooted in ideological differences regarding monarchy and governance, leading to a division within the country.

      The First Carlist War, which unfolded between 1833 and 1839, became a critical struggle between traditionalist forces loyal to Carlos, the brother of Fernando VII, and the liberals who sought to advance a more modern state. The eventual triumph of the liberal factions in this conflict underscored the growing momentum of liberalism despite the ongoing resistance from conservative elements within society.

      In 1834, the Statute Real was issued as a royal charter attempting to satisfy the growing demands for modernization. While it did incorporate some liberal principles into the governmental framework, it fell short of establishing comprehensive national sovereignty, reflecting a compromise that would often characterize Spanish politics during this period. This charter served as a stepping stone, signaling the monarchy's reluctant acknowledgment of the need for reforms.

      The military revolt of 1836 was a critical juncture that ultimately compelled the restoration of the liberal Constitution of 1812, which had been a hallmark of earlier revolutionary aspirations. This restoration represented a renewed commitment to the principles of liberal democracy, although it faced challenges in implementation.

      The 1837 Constitution represented a consequential step forward in establishing progressive liberalism in Spain, marking a tactical compromise between radical and moderate factions in Spanish society. By embracing elements of national sovereignty, it aimed to balance power between the monarchy and parliamentary governance, laying the groundwork for future constitutional developments.

      Key Features of the 1837 Constitution

      The principle of national sovereignty emerged as a key tenet, emphasizing that the authority of the government derived from the will of the people rather than divine right. This notion was crucial in shaping Spain's political landscape moving forward.

      The establishment of a bicameral legislature comprising a Congress and a Senate, along with the introduction of censitary suffrage, was a significant advance, even though it primarily benefited the upper classes, reflecting an ongoing struggle for broader electoral rights across the social spectrum.

      While the constitution advocated for a separation of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, it did so within the framework of royal prerogatives, meaning that the monarchy still retained considerable influence over governmental decisions.

      Furthermore, this constitutional framework contained an explicit declaration of individual rights, which included freedoms such as that of the press, a component that would spark discussions about civil liberties and governmental limits in the years to come.

      The 1840s: Espartero's Regency and the Moderate Response

      Espartero's regency from 1840 to 1843 was marked by considerable opposition from various factions, including conservatives and moderates who disagreed with the more radical approaches to governance and reform. His leadership was constantly challenged, resulting in political instability and a fracturing of liberal unity.

      The adoption of the 1845 Constitution indicated a significant ideological shift towards moderate liberalism, highlighting the complexities of achieving consensus in a society deeply divided over the direction of governance.

      This document established a framework for shared sovereignty between the Crown and the Cortes, thus limiting suffrage to a select portion of the populace, which reflected the prevailing moderate sentiment that aimed to appease conservative concerns while still promoting some principles of liberal governance.

      The implementation of restrictions on individual freedoms, including increased censorship and adherence to religious conformity, manifested the moderation in political ideology and elucidated fears surrounding potential radical consequences of more liberal policies.

      The 1850's and the Rise of Progressivism

      The Progressive Biennium between 1854 and 1856 emerged in the wake of the Vicalvarada military revolt, which called for reform and a renewed commitment to progressive policies.

      Leading figures such as Espartero and O'Donnell advocated for a progressive government, pushing the boundaries of political reform and change in Spain, striving to enhance civil participation and economic development.

      A proposed new constitution in 1856 was shaped by progressive ideals that aimed to deepen the democratic foundations of governance though it ultimately failed to be enacted, illustrating the continued struggle between progressive aspirations and the realities of political power.

    Efforts to address economic disparities continued through church dispossession measures, impacting local economies and communities in both beneficial and detrimental ways, as land and wealth redistribution proved contentious.

    Legislation introduced in 1855 specifically aimed at promoting railway construction was a forward-thinking strategy to bolster national infrastructure and economic growth, reflecting a recognition of the need for modernization in transport and commerce.

    The 1860s and the Republican Movement

    The 1866 Pact of Ostende sought to unite various opposition factions against the Bourbon monarchy, signaling a growing desire among progressive and republican groups to initiate substantive change within the political system.

    The Glorious Revolution of 1868 was a watershed moment in Spanish history, resulting in the ousting of Isabel II and ushering in the Democratic Sexennium, a period characterized by political experimentation and reform.

    This time aimed at establishing a more democratic political framework, with movements pressing for universal male suffrage, reflecting a broader commitment to enfranchise a larger segment of the population and ensure greater political representation.

    As calls for a new constitution emerged, these reflected both progressive and republican ideals, underpinning the aspirations for a political system that embraced broader democratic principles and aimed to dismantle old power structures.

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    Description

    Este cuestionario explora a construción do Estado liberal en España durante o período de 1833 a 1868. Inclúe eventos clave como a morte de Fernando VII, a guerra carlista e a evolución da Constitución de 1837. Acompáñano detalles sobre os principios liberais e os conflitos sociais da época.

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