Constitutional Principles and Economic Indicators
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Questions and Answers

What does the 16th Amendment allow Congress to do?

  • Levy sales tax without state approval.
  • Eliminate taxes on estate value.
  • Decide property tax rates for each state.
  • Levy income tax without appointing it among states based on population. (correct)

    • Which statement about the progressive tax system is true?

  • It taxes higher-income individuals more heavily than lower-income individuals. (correct)
  • It taxes lower-income individuals at a higher rate than higher-income individuals.
  • It implies a flat tax rate for all individuals regardless of income.
  • It is the same as property tax.

    • What is the role of the federal bureaucracy?

  • To act as the legislative branch.
  • To declare war on behalf of Congress.
  • To enforce laws and implement government policy. (correct)
  • To manage state-level taxes.

    • What is entitlement spending?

    <p>Government spending on mandatory programs required by legislation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As unemployment rises, what is the typical expected outcome for inflation?

    <p>Inflation decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does higher unemployment generally affect inflation?

    <p>It usually results in lower inflation due to less pressure on wages and prices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Reaganomics?

    <p>To cut taxes, reduce regulations, limit spending, and control inflation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does managed competition aim to achieve in healthcare?

    <p>To improve the quality and accessibility of healthcare while lowering costs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary concerns regarding healthcare?

    <p>Accessibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a socialized medicine system?

    <p>The government runs and pays for healthcare services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Constitutional Principles and Amendments

    • The 16th Amendment allows Congress to levy income taxes without apportionment among the states.
    • Progressive tax systems tax higher-income individuals more heavily than lower-income individuals.
    • The doctrine of incorporation makes parts of the Bill of Rights applicable to the states.

    Economic Indicators

    • Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average price of a fixed basket of goods and services.
    • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) represents the total value of goods and services produced in an economy.

    Government Systems and Taxations

    • A parliamentary system has a head of government who is elected or appointed.
    • Estate tax is the net value of a deceased person's assets.
    • Income tax is a tax on the income generated by a business or individual.
    • Property tax is an annual or semiannual tax levied by local governments on real estate.
    • Sales tax is a tax imposed on the sale of goods or services.

    War Powers and the Federal Bureaucracy

    • Congress has the constitutional power to declare war.
    • The federal bureaucracy is part of the executive branch.

    Legislative Procedures and Government Spending

    • A filibuster is a legislative tactic to stall or block a decision.
    • Entitlement spending is government spending on programs mandated by law (e.g., Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid).
    • The national defense budget supports the U.S. military and national defense.
    • Debt is the total amount of money a government owes due to spending exceeding income.

    Economic Relationships and Impacts

    • Higher unemployment often results in lower inflation because less demand pressures wages and prices.
    • A strong jobs market generally results in less pressure on wages and prices.
    • Federal Reserve actions influence monetary policy by adjusting federal funds rates to regulate borrowing.
    • Keynesian economics advocates for government intervention in the economy to stabilize it and create jobs.
    • Reaganomics promotes tax cuts, reduced regulation, spending limitations, and controlling inflation.
    • Retrospective economic voting involves voters judging a leader or party based on their recent performance.

    Healthcare Concerns and Systems

    • The primary healthcare concerns in the US are coverage, cost, and quality.
    • Laissez-faire economics promotes minimal government involvement.
    • Socialized medicine means the government manages and funds healthcare.
    • Socialized healthcare insurance systems are run by the government, funded via taxes, and offer healthcare coverage.
    • Managed competition seeks to lower healthcare costs, improve quality, and increase access.
    • The Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased insurance accessibility and affordability (passed in 2010).
    • Medicare for All aims to provide full Medicare benefits to all US citizens.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key constitutional principles, amendments, and economic indicators. This quiz covers the 16th Amendment, taxation systems, and various government structures. Dive into the essential concepts that shape our economy and governance.

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