Consequences of Lanthanide Contraction

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the main reason for the lanthanides to have identical chemical properties?

Similar physical properties

Lanthanide contraction

Identical electronic configuration (correct)

Fajan's rule

According to Fajan's rule, what property affects the tendency of hydroxides to dissociate?

Atomic number

Number of valence electrons

Size of the cation (correct)

Size of the anion

How does lanthanide contraction affect the basicity of lanthanides from La to Lu?

No effect on basicity

Increases basicity

Causes instability

Decreases basicity (correct)

What causes certain pairs of elements like Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta to have almost identical sizes and properties?

Lanthanide contraction Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the dissolution of thorium and lanthanides as their sulphates?

Extraction from Monazite sand Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of agitating the pasty mass of sulphates with water and filtering to remove silica?

Precipitation of thorium phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which lanthanides are precipitated as double sulphates when treated with Na2SO4?

Lanthanides from La to Sm Signup and view all the answers

What are the products formed when the precipitated double sulphates are treated with hot NaOH?

Formation of hydroxides of light lanthanides Signup and view all the answers

Which lanthanide is precipitated as CeO2 when the oxides are treated with dilute HNO3?

Cerium (Ce) Signup and view all the answers

What method is used to separate individual lanthanides from a solution containing nitrates of La, Pr, Nd, and Sm?

Fractional crystallization method Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the value of $\Delta G^{\circ}$ during a reaction as temperature increases in Ellingham diagrams?

It becomes more negative Signup and view all the answers

In Ellingham diagrams, what does an abrupt change in the slope of a curve indicate?

Change in phase (e.g., solid to liquid) Signup and view all the answers

How can Ellingham diagrams be used to predict the ability of a metal to reduce the oxide of another metal?

By comparing the positions of the metal oxide curves Signup and view all the answers

At a given temperature, how can it be determined if a metal (A) can reduce the oxide of another metal (B) using an Ellingham diagram?

The curve for oxide of A lies below the curve for oxide of B Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if there is a point on each curve in an Ellingham diagram where the metal oxide is stable below it and unstable above it?

Transition temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which metal has the highest tendency to reduce the oxides of other metals?

Mg Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of Ellingham diagrams?

They provide information about reaction rates. Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle involved in choosing a reducing agent for metal oxides to metals consider?

Redox reactions between metals. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main property of ions present in solution in ion exchange chromatography?

They are exchanged with free ions of opposite charge. Signup and view all the answers

What allows certain minerals like zeolites to exchange cations in solution?

Open network structure Signup and view all the answers