Consequences of Lanthanide Contraction
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Questions and Answers

What is the main reason for the lanthanides to have identical chemical properties?

  • Similar physical properties
  • Lanthanide contraction
  • Identical electronic configuration (correct)
  • Fajan's rule
  • According to Fajan's rule, what property affects the tendency of hydroxides to dissociate?

  • Atomic number
  • Number of valence electrons
  • Size of the cation (correct)
  • Size of the anion
  • How does lanthanide contraction affect the basicity of lanthanides from La to Lu?

  • No effect on basicity
  • Increases basicity
  • Causes instability
  • Decreases basicity (correct)
  • What causes certain pairs of elements like Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta to have almost identical sizes and properties?

    <p>Lanthanide contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the dissolution of thorium and lanthanides as their sulphates?

    <p>Extraction from Monazite sand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of agitating the pasty mass of sulphates with water and filtering to remove silica?

    <p>Precipitation of thorium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lanthanides are precipitated as double sulphates when treated with Na2SO4?

    <p>Lanthanides from La to Sm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products formed when the precipitated double sulphates are treated with hot NaOH?

    <p>Formation of hydroxides of light lanthanides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lanthanide is precipitated as CeO2 when the oxides are treated with dilute HNO3?

    <p>Cerium (Ce)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to separate individual lanthanides from a solution containing nitrates of La, Pr, Nd, and Sm?

    <p>Fractional crystallization method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the value of $\Delta G^{\circ}$ during a reaction as temperature increases in Ellingham diagrams?

    <p>It becomes more negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Ellingham diagrams, what does an abrupt change in the slope of a curve indicate?

    <p>Change in phase (e.g., solid to liquid)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can Ellingham diagrams be used to predict the ability of a metal to reduce the oxide of another metal?

    <p>By comparing the positions of the metal oxide curves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At a given temperature, how can it be determined if a metal (A) can reduce the oxide of another metal (B) using an Ellingham diagram?

    <p>The curve for oxide of A lies below the curve for oxide of B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it indicate if there is a point on each curve in an Ellingham diagram where the metal oxide is stable below it and unstable above it?

    <p>Transition temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which metal has the highest tendency to reduce the oxides of other metals?

    <p>Mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of Ellingham diagrams?

    <p>They provide information about reaction rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle involved in choosing a reducing agent for metal oxides to metals consider?

    <p>Redox reactions between metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property of ions present in solution in ion exchange chromatography?

    <p>They are exchanged with free ions of opposite charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows certain minerals like zeolites to exchange cations in solution?

    <p>Open network structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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