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Questions and Answers
What is the main function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
What is the main function of fibroblasts in connective tissue?
Which type of connective tissue cell originates mainly from the bone marrow?
Which type of connective tissue cell originates mainly from the bone marrow?
What classifies fibroblasts as fixed cells?
What classifies fibroblasts as fixed cells?
Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?
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Which characteristic is shared by transient cells in connective tissue?
Which characteristic is shared by transient cells in connective tissue?
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What kind of stem cells give rise to most connective tissue cells?
What kind of stem cells give rise to most connective tissue cells?
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Which of the following white blood cells is classified as a transient cell?
Which of the following white blood cells is classified as a transient cell?
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What process do lymphocytes undergo as part of their maturation?
What process do lymphocytes undergo as part of their maturation?
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What is the key role of macrophages in the immune system?
What is the key role of macrophages in the immune system?
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Which of the following statement about lymphocytes is NOT correct?
Which of the following statement about lymphocytes is NOT correct?
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What type of nucleus is characteristic of monocytes?
What type of nucleus is characteristic of monocytes?
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What is the primary function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
What is the primary function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes?
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What feature distinguishes B lymphocytes from other lymphocyte types?
What feature distinguishes B lymphocytes from other lymphocyte types?
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Which component is NOT involved in the process of phagocytosis by macrophages?
Which component is NOT involved in the process of phagocytosis by macrophages?
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How are lymphocyte clones formed?
How are lymphocyte clones formed?
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Which of the following is TRUE regarding the life spans of lymphocytes?
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the life spans of lymphocytes?
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What is the primary role of myofibroblasts during the wound healing process?
What is the primary role of myofibroblasts during the wound healing process?
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Which characteristic differentiates unilocular fat cells from multilocular fat cells?
Which characteristic differentiates unilocular fat cells from multilocular fat cells?
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What happens to myofibroblasts if the injurious stimulus persists?
What happens to myofibroblasts if the injurious stimulus persists?
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Which of the following describes the structure of mast cells?
Which of the following describes the structure of mast cells?
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Inactive fibroblasts, also known as fibrocytes, can be described as:
Inactive fibroblasts, also known as fibrocytes, can be described as:
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What type of tissue is formed by unilocular fat cells?
What type of tissue is formed by unilocular fat cells?
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Which chemical mediator is NOT typically contained within mast cell granules?
Which chemical mediator is NOT typically contained within mast cell granules?
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Which of the following is a key feature of multilocular fat cells?
Which of the following is a key feature of multilocular fat cells?
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What characteristic feature is used to identify neutrophils in a blood film?
What characteristic feature is used to identify neutrophils in a blood film?
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Which of the following correctly describes the primary function of eosinophils?
Which of the following correctly describes the primary function of eosinophils?
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Which statement about basophils is true?
Which statement about basophils is true?
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What happens to neutrophils after performing their function?
What happens to neutrophils after performing their function?
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Which condition would likely decrease the number of eosinophils in circulation?
Which condition would likely decrease the number of eosinophils in circulation?
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What unique feature do female neutrophils possess that aids in sex identification?
What unique feature do female neutrophils possess that aids in sex identification?
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Which type of granulocyte is primarily involved in the response to parasitic infections?
Which type of granulocyte is primarily involved in the response to parasitic infections?
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Which of the following describes a potential consequence of excessive basophil degranulation?
Which of the following describes a potential consequence of excessive basophil degranulation?
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What is the primary role of mast cells in the immune system?
What is the primary role of mast cells in the immune system?
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What distinguishes plasma cells from other B lymphocytes?
What distinguishes plasma cells from other B lymphocytes?
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In cases of systemic anaphylaxis, what is the primary risk for hyperallergic individuals?
In cases of systemic anaphylaxis, what is the primary risk for hyperallergic individuals?
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Which characteristic is NOT true about macrophages?
Which characteristic is NOT true about macrophages?
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How do leukocytes exit the bloodstream to perform their functions?
How do leukocytes exit the bloodstream to perform their functions?
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What is a common effect of histamine release during hay fever attacks?
What is a common effect of histamine release during hay fever attacks?
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Which of the following best describes the cytoplasm of plasma cells?
Which of the following best describes the cytoplasm of plasma cells?
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Granulocytes possess which of the following features?
Granulocytes possess which of the following features?
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Study Notes
Connective Tissue Cells & Immune Cells
- Connective tissue (CT) forms a continuum with epithelial, muscle, and nervous tissue, maintaining a functional body.
- CT originates from the mesoderm, containing mesenchymal stem cells.
- Composed of cells and extracellular matrix (ground substance and fibers).
- Functions vary, but generally include structural support, exchange medium, defense, and fat storage.
Fixed Cells
- Stable, long-lived cells residing in the connective tissue.
- Examples: fibroblasts and adipocytes (fat cells).
Fibroblasts
- Most abundant fixed cell.
- Synthesize and secrete extracellular components (fibers and ground substance).
- Active fibroblasts are involved in protein synthesis, especially during wound healing.
- Inactive forms (fibrocytes) are smaller, more ovoid, and have fewer organelles.
- Myofibroblasts are transitional forms, resembling smooth muscle, involved in wound healing.
Adipocytes
- Fully differentiated cells that do not divide.
- Store triglycerides (fat).
- Two types: unilocular (single large lipid droplet, white adipose tissue) and multilocular (multiple small lipid droplets, brown adipose tissue).
- Unilocular adipocytes have a signet ring appearance under a microscope (cytoplasm and nucleus are pushed to the edge by large fat droplet).
Mast Cells
- Ovoid cells with a centrally placed nucleus.
- Contain granules with chemical mediators (e.g., heparin, histamine, leukotrienes, interleukins, TNF-α).
- Initiate inflammatory responses, including immediate hypersensitivity (e.g., hay fever, anaphylaxis).
Macrophages
- Derived from circulating monocytes.
- Phagocytic cells, removing cellular debris and foreign invaders.
- Crucial in the inflammatory and immune response.
- Present antigens to T cells (antigen-presenting cells).
Plasma Cells
- Derived from B lymphocytes.
- Produce antibodies (immunoglobulins).
Lymphocytes
- Rounded cells with a prominent nucleus.
- Three types: B cells, T cells, and null cells.
- Crucial for adaptive immunity.
- Differentiate into memory cells (long-lived) or effector cells (short-lived, active in response to specific antigens).
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Originate in bone marrow.
- Circulate in the blood then migrate to connective tissue.
- Classified into granulocytes (with specific and non-specific granules) and non-granulocytes (without specific granules).
- Examples: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes.
Neutrophils
- Most abundant white blood cells.
- First responders to bacterial infections.
- Phagocytic, engulfing and destroying bacteria.
Eosinophils
- Involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
- Phagocytic, killing parasites, and modulating allergic inflammation.
Basophils
- Involved in allergic and inflammatory reactions.
- Release histamine and heparin (anticoagulant).
Monocytes
- Largest white blood cells.
- Mature into macrophages in connective tissue.
Clinical Significance
- Different cell types, numbers, and activation states are indicators of health status and disease.
- Variations in cell function play roles in various conditions including allergies, infections, and inflammation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on connective tissue and its functions. This quiz covers fibroblasts, transient cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes, and their roles in the immune response. Challenge yourself and learn more about the vital components of connective tissue.
